Exam 3

Question 1

Rational model versus political

Answer 1

Rational considers effectiveness and behavior of being driven by objective and measurable processes. Political recognizes effectiveness and organizational behavior

Question 2

Power, influence, authority

Answer 2

Power is a measure of a person’s ability to influence the attitude and behavior of other individuals. Influence Is the actual process of affecting attitude or behaviors.
Authority is formal right to influence a sub ordinate

Question 3

Five different powers: reward, legit, coercive, expert, referent

Answer 3

Reward power is based on an influencers control over rewards desired by a target. Legit Power is based on position and mutual agreement that an influencer can affect the behavior of a target. Referent Power is based on interpersonal attraction and feelings of identity with an influencer. Information power based on access to and control over the presentation of useful information. Coercive is warn before ounishing, punish in private, inform roles (cause an unpleasant experience for target)

Question 4

Symbols of power

Answer 4

Ability to intercede for someone in trouble, placements for favored employees, exceeding budget limits, an above average raise

Question 5

Organizational politics

Answer 5

Use of power and social influence to obtain desired outcome. Rules are informal, often unspoken, and learned indirectly or directly

Question 6

Political behavior

Answer 6

Any action not sanctioned by the organization that is taken to influence others in order to meet one’s personal goal. Political behavior consists of influence tactics or impression management tactics.

Question 7

Influence Tactics

Answer 7

Direct means of influencing other by altering their behavior and thoughts.

Compliance: consulation?

Question 8

Impression management tactics

Answer 8

Self promotion: appear competent. exemplification: appear loyal, dependable. Intimidation: appear aggressive. Supplication: appear weak

Question 9

POPS: perception of politics

Answer 9

Degree to which people attribute other people’s behavior to self interested motives.

Question 10

Political Skill

Answer 10

Ability effectively understand others at work, and to use such knowledge to influence others to act in ways that enhance one’s personal/organ. Objective

Question 11

Political skill consists of 4 dimensions

Answer 11

1. Social astuteness: understanding of social dynamics, self awareness
2. Interpersonal influence: adapting one’s behavior to meet situational demands
3. Networking ability: develop social relations and alliances
4. Apparent sincerity: appear authentic

Question 12

Leadership

Answer 12

Process of influencing others to achieve group goals

Question 13

Personal traits associated with leadership

Answer 13

Drive, desire to lead, honesty, self-confidence

Question 14

Contingency theory

Answer 14

Assert that the leadership style must be appropriate for the particular situation in order to enhance worker performance

Question 15

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory

Answer 15

Leaders are either task-oriented or relationship oriented, and function more or less effectively based on favorableness

Question 16

Situational Leadership Model

Answer 16

Leader behavior should be adjusted to follower maturity for performing any given task

Question 17

Path Goal Theory

Answer 17

Leaders can enhance follower satisfaction and performance by clarifying how they can achieve goals, removing barriers to goal completion, and increasing the quantity and variety of rewards for goal completion. Effort–performance behavior–reward

Question 18

Four types of leadership styles (path goal theory)

Answer 18

Directive: specific guidance/expectations

Supportive: concern for well-being/status

Participative: joint decision making

Achievement: challenging goals, show confidence that employees will exert high effort

Question 19

LMX (leader member exchange) theory; in-group and out-group

Answer 19

Leaders form different unique relationships with different followers; they dont treat them all the same.

In-group: trust, autonomy/discretion, attention, resources, challenging tasks

Out-group: fewer rewards, less attention, less responsibility

Question 20

Transactional Leader (TXL)

Answer 20

Engage in mutual exchanges with followers, enforced by rewards & punishments

Question 21

Transformational leader

Answer 21

Behave according to deeply held values, that can then influence the values and goals of followers, and inspire followers to achieve superior levels of performance

Question 22

Four Transformantional leader styles

Answer 22

Idealized influence (strong personal qualities, values), inspirational motivation (infusing work with personal meaning), individualized consideration (concern for each follower’s unique goals & needs), intellectual stimulation (challenging followers to take new perspectives)

Question 23

Charisma

Answer 23

Favor given or gift of grace; associated with charm, kindness, being blessed

Question 24

Charismatic leadership

Answer 24

Relies on using personal qualities/values to inspire a vision

Question 25

Riskier behavior, goals, and decisions will enhance attributions

Answer 25

Of charisma

Question 26

Conflict

Answer 26

Process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected smth the first party values

Question 27

Functional vs dysfunctional conflict

Answer 27

Functional: constructive and results in new ideas and growth; cognitive

Dysfunctional: places focus on conflict, rather than the work or organization; may involve aggression

Question 28

Consequences of functional & dysfunctional conflict

Answer 28

Positive:
Leads to new ideas, stimulates creativity, motivates change

Negative:
Diverts energy from work, wastes resources, threatens psychological wellbeing

Question 29

Structural vs personal conflict

Answer 29

Structural: specialization of tasks, goal differences, interdependence

Personal: skills/abilities, personalities, perceptions

Question 30

Experienced conflict: perceived and felt

Answer 30

Defines the actual conflict that the parties then attempt to resolve

Question 31

Interrole, Intrarole, person-role

Answer 31

Interrole: conflict between multiple roles

Intrarole: conflict from multiple senders to one role

Person-role: occurs when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behavior that clash with his personal values

Question 32

Cooperative vs assertive strategies

Answer 32

Cooperative: assume win-win is possible, honest communication

Assertive: assume win-lose will happen

Question 33

5 conflict handling styles

Answer 33

Competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, accommodating

Question 34

Ineffective & effective techniques of conflict management

Answer 34

Nonaction, secrecy, delays

Effective: superordinate goals, bringing in new resources, finding common ground

Question 35

Negotiation strategies

Answer 35

Distributive bargaining: zero sum conditions, any gain is a loss for another (compete for power)

Integrative: parties focus on long term relationships, focusing on goals

Question 36

Five steps in negotiation?

Answer 36

1. Preparation & planning
2. Definition of ground rules
3. Clarification & justification
4. Bargaining & problem solving

Question 37

If impasse is reached, 3rd parties are used

Answer 37

Mediator: rationally facilitates an agreement

Arbitrator: dictates an agreement

Conciliator: only mediates communication