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6-10 Flashcards

1
Q

Classical conditioning

A

It is modifying behavior by pairing unconditional stimulus with a conditioned stimulus in order to alter an unconditioned response

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2
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Modifying behavior by following it with positive and negative consequences

A stimulus in the environment cues attention to a behavior –> behavior occurs in response to a stimulus –> outcomes are the consequences of our behavior

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3
Q

Reinforcement

A

Enhancing desirable behavior by giving positive consequences or withholding negative ones

(Keep doing a behavior; this isnt punishment)
Its desired; stops if no reward

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4
Q

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement

A

Positive reinforcement is giving pay increase, praise

negative reinforcement is withholding disciplinary action, yelling and criticism

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5
Q

Punishment

A

Discourage or stop an undesirable behavior by giving negative consequences or withholding positive ones

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6
Q

Extinction

A

Completely get rid of a behavior attaching no consequence to an undesirable behavior (not responding)

this is most effective when used with positive reinforcement

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7
Q

Social learning theory

A

Asserts that people observe others, and model their behavior accordingly. Learning is enhanced when learners have high task specific self efficacy

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8
Q

Sources of self-efficacy are

A

Successful past performance, verbal persuasion, calm or arousing states

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9
Q

Goals affect performance through four routes

A

Directing attention towards all relevant activities, energizing people towards activity and behavior, encouraging persistence when possible, learning task relevant knowledge and strategies

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10
Q

Smart goal is

A

Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, Time-bound

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11
Q

goal commitment is enhanced by

A

Importance: making the commitment public or goal specific self-efficacy

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12
Q

Two types of performance

A

Task is work related tasks and goals. Contextual is support in the social environment

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13
Q

Performance appraisal is

A

When a manager provides feedback and an evaluation of performance.

Feedback should be specific, focus is on unchangeable behaviors, and balances positive with negative feedback

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14
Q

Stress is& Stress occurs when one or more of the following conditions occur

A

Stress is a persons adaptive response with stimuli that places excessive psychological or physical demands

Losing resources, resource loss is threatened, resources are not regained following resource investment.

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15
Q

Identifying performance process

A

Consistency? Does this always occur?
consensus? is everybody else doing it?
distinctiveness? Does that person act like that in other situations?

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16
Q

Person environment fit approach is

A

When stress occurs when a person and an environment’s characteristics don’t complement or supplement one another

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17
Q

Job Demand Vs Decision Latitude

A

When you have high job demand and decision latitude, you have the highest motivation and satisfaction. If you have high job and low decision latitude, you have a lot of strain and low satisfaction. Low job demand and high decision latitude would be the lowest strain and distress. Loggia demand in the decisions latitude would be stressful due to boredom and lack of motivation

18
Q

Like a control may be caused by an inability to

A

Influence the timing of tasks, selecting methods for accomplishing work, make decisions the influence the workout plan, exercising direct action to affect the outcome

(Having self efficacy is believing you hv the ability to use control effect)

19
Q

Eustress

A

Positive Stress; stress that provides an energy boost

20
Q

Distress and its consequences

A

The stress occurs when demands exceed coping capacity & they include depression, aggression, medical issues. Burn out consists of emotional exhaustion, the depersonalization of others, reduced perception of personal accomplishments

21
Q

Type a behavior has four dimensions

A

One- sense of time urgency, two-drive to increase number of achievements, three- status insecurity, and four- aggression and hostility in response to frustration

22
Q

Hardiness

A

Resistance to strange reactions by task commitment, personal sense of control, and seeing change

23
Q

Three levels of stress prevention

A

One- primary: it is problem focused, positive thinking.
Two- secondary: emotion focused, managing a response
Three- tertiary: heal outcomes

24
Q

Organizational stress prevention methods

A

Job redesign, goalsetting, role negotiation, and social support system

25
Q

Components of a message

A

Thought (content in terms of words, ideas) and affect (emotion in terms of intensity, gestures)

26
Q

Communication process is (explain the steps)

A

A message is sent from a sender, it goes through encoding, then goes to a channel where it sends the message to the receiver. the message is received, and the receiver decodes the message and sends feedback.

27
Q

Formal and informal channel

A

Formal is prescribed by organizations policies and procedures, where as informal is gossip and personal between people

28
Q

Non-Verbal Communication is & 4 types

A

Highly sensitive to sender/receiver characteristics & context

  1. Kinesics- body posture & movement
  2. Face/eye behavior- often reveals emotions, behavioral intentions, eye contact
  3. Paralanguage: variation in speech, such as laughing, pitch, laughing
  4. Proximity: physical closeness
29
Q

Stress is& Stress occurs when one or more of the following conditions occur

A

Stress is a persons adaptive response with stimuli that places excessive psychological or physical demands

Losing resources, resource loss is threatened, resources are not regained following resource investment.

30
Q

Identifying performance process

A

Consistency? Does this always occur?
consensus? is everybody else doing it?
distinctiveness? Does that person act like that in other situations?

31
Q

Person environment fit approach is

A

When stress occurs when a person and an environment’s characteristics don’t complement or supplement one another

32
Q

Job Demand Vs Decision Latitude

A

When you have high job demand and decision latitude, you have the highest motivation and satisfaction. If you have high job and low decision latitude, you have a lot of strain and low satisfaction. Low job demand and high decision latitude would be the lowest strain and distress. Loggia demand in the decisions latitude would be stressful due to boredom and lack of motivation

33
Q

Like a control may be caused by an inability to

A

Influence the timing of tasks, selecting methods for accomplishing work, make decisions the influence the workout plan, exercising direct action to affect the outcome

(Having self efficacy is believing you hv the ability to use control effect)

34
Q

Eustress

A

Positive Stress; stress that provides an energy boost

35
Q

Distress and its consequences

A

The stress occurs when demands exceed coping capacity & they include depression, aggression, medical issues. Burn out consists of emotional exhaustion, the depersonalization of others, reduced perception of personal accomplishments

36
Q

Type a behavior has four dimensions

A

One- sense of time urgency, two-drive to increase number of achievements, three- status insecurity, and four- aggression and hostility in response to frustration

37
Q

Hardiness

A

Resistance to strange reactions by task commitment, personal sense of control, and seeing change

38
Q

Three levels of stress prevention

A

One- primary: it is problem focused, positive thinking.
Two- secondary: emotion focused, managing a response
Three- tertiary: heal outcomes

39
Q

Organizational stress prevention methods

A

Job redesign, goalsetting, role negotiation, and social support system

40
Q

Components of a message

A

Thought (content in terms of words, ideas) and affect (emotion in terms of intensity, gestures)

41
Q

Communication process is (explain the steps)

A

A message is sent from a sender, it goes through encoding, then goes to a channel where it sends the message to the receiver. the message is received, and the receiver decodes the message and sends feedback.

42
Q

Formal and informal channel

A

Formal is prescribed by organizations policies and procedures, where as informal is gossip and personal between people

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