Exam 3 Flashcards
______ years is the typical operation life of a wire.
Five
_________ ______, ________, and ________ use specialty anchors that can provide superior holding power.
Drilling rigs, buoys, and barges
Stiff mooring lines refer to what material?
Wire
Gangways must be carried on ships of _______ meters and accommodation ladders must be carried on ships of _____ meters.
30 meters 120 meters
An anchor will weigh roughly _____ to _______ pounds for each ton of a vessel’s displacement.
1 - 1.5 lbs
For equipment used for personnel lifts the inspection requirement is every ___________.
6 months
Safety signs colored blue indicate that a _________.
Specific action is required
With the crane fully extended how many wraps of wire should remain on the drum?
Three (3)
What are (5) types of damage found on wire ropes?
- Flattening 2. Broken strands 3. Internal corrosion 4. Birdcage 5. Kinks
What is the purpose of a bow watch?
To let the anchor go in an emergency
What (2) types of gases are given off by charging batteries?
- Hydrogen 2. Oxygen
If anchoring in a strong current what provision should be made regarding the anchor watch?
Helmsman should be posted to steer ship into current
What is the shape and design of RED signs for firefighting equipment?
Red square or rectangle Words or info in white
DEFN: Openings in eyes or forward part of the ship where the shank of the anchor is stowed.
Hawsepipe
What is the advantage of a pedestal crane? (3)
- 360 degree rotation 2. Fast operation 3. Low maintenance
What does the stud-link prevent?
Link collapsing and kinking
What are (3) items expected from the Pilot to the Bridge Team?
- Docks available 2. Tugs 3. Weather
What is the design and structure of YELLOW safety signs?
Yellow triangle with black border Black symbol Yellow background
TRUE/FALSE: A single inspection certificate can be issued for all lifting appliances onboard a vessel.
FALSE, each lifting appliance should be individually inspected and certified
Each shot of anchor chain is stamped for identification. The end of each shot is stamped with what (3) items?
- Test loads 2. Certificate number 3. Grade of chain
Lines that run out 90 degrees from the keel of a vessel are called?
Breast lines
TRUE/FALSE: A ship preparing to take a pilot on board is not restricted to a type of steering method.
FALSE manual steering is required when a pilot boarding operation is underway
What is the loop of metal at the top of an anchor that the chain attaches to called?
Shackle or ring
What organization establishes the size of the anchor for a specific vessel?
ABS - American Bureau of Shipping
A chain with a single piece of metal welded through the center of each link is called a _______-______.
Stud-link
What is the typical shape and design of RED safety signs other than fire fighting equipment?
A red circular band A diagonal red bar White background
When is a bow watch posted?
- When a vessel is coming into port - Where maneuvering room is tight - Especially in rivers.
What are (4) items that must be inspected on a pilot ladder prior to use?
- Side ropes 2. Steps with non-skid 3. Spreader steps 4. Equally spaced steps
Anchoring over top of ________ is prohibited in many countries.
Coral
Under normal conditions, how many times the water depth is the length of the anchor chain?
5 - 7 times
What is an older but still used alternate term for an anchor chain?
Cable
Lighting of a pilot’s boarding arrangement should always come from _______ on the ship so as to not blind the pilot boat or pilot.
Aft
The shank angle for specialty anchors can be from ______ to _______ degrees.
30 - 50 degrees
DEFN: The safe navigation of a vessel in and out of port, to limit the possibilities of damage to property and ships, and to reduce the risk of marine pollution.
Pilotage
TRUE/FALSE: Anchors can be used to stop or slow a ship in an emergency.
TRUE
What else can be used to delineate how many shots of chain are out in addition to painted links?
Colored plastic or wire wrapped around the links forward and behind the detachable link between shots
A lifting operation should have what (4) considerations accounted for prior to beginning the lift?
- Lifting plan 2. Supervisor 3. Safety considerations 4. Weather concerns
Yellow safety signs are __________ or __________ in nature
Cautionary, advisory
What is the downward, curving sag of an anchor chain called?
Catenary
To moor a vessel firmly to a seabed is purpose of what device?
An anchor
A gangway should not be used at more than _____ degrees from horizontal. An accommodation ladder should not be used at greater than _______ degs.
30 degs 55 degs
Why is it recommended to rotate the inboard shots of anchor chain to the outside periodically?
Lengthens chain service life by evening out the wear on individual shots and links.
As the mate on deck during an anchoring evolution, what are (3) concerns you would have regarding dropping and setting the anchor?
- Seabed composition 2. Weather 3. Shot/cable length
How many fathoms are 4 shots of chain?
60 fathoms = 4 shots
What is the shank angle for most general purpose anchors?
45 degrees
DEFN: The rotary movement of the ship around the X-axis.
Rolling
A ship with a freeboard of more than ______ feet or ______ meters must have a combination ladder if a side door is not present.
30 feet / 9 meters
What is the detachable link between shots painted?
Red
What is the most common maintenance issue to arise when using a crane?
Hydraulic leaks
What is the most important step to take in the initial stages of a lift regarding the equipment to be used?
Inspection
DEFN: The rotary movement through the Z-axis.
Yaw
What is the greatest danger around mooring lines under strain?
Snap back
DEFN: Any heavy object buried in the ground ashore to which a mooring line or wire can be run.
Dead man
________ lines prevent surging.
Spring lines
Who is in charge while the pilot is on board, the pilot or the Master?
The master
A _______ percent reduction in nominal rope diameter warrants discard of the rope if no wire breaks are visible.
7%
DEFN: The forward and aft motion through the X-axis.
Surging
DEFN: The rotary motion around the Y-axis.
Pitching
What is the most extreme list angle condition that watertight doors designed to be guaranteed to work under?
15 degrees
1 SHOT = _______ FEET
90 FEET
DEFN: The opening in the deck through which the chain leads to the chain locker.
Spill pipe
How many turns around a drum of a windlass or capstan are enough for purchase on the line?
3 turns
DEFN: A sprocketed wheel in the windlass with indentations for the links of the anchor chain. Used to haul in or pay out the anchor chain.
Wildcat
Radio operations between ______, ______, and __________ should be available during mooring evolution.
Bow, Stern, and the Bridge
A crane operator must obey ______ signals no matter who gives it.
STOP
What is the percentage amount of chain found worn below normal size that requires replacement?
12%
What is a common use for a Bruce anchor?
Offshore rigs and other semi-permenant structures
What is the advantage of a gantry crane? (3)
- Mobile along the length of the ship 2. Fast operation 3. Can protect cargo from weather
What is the most common defect found on wire rope?
Wear
What are two concerns for the design of a battery storage compartment aboard a ship? (2)
- Ventilation 2. Intrinsically safe light
DEFN: A condition when a ship’s anchor becomes fouled by an object snagged from or on the seabed.
Fouled anchor
The angle between two anchors should normally be between _______ and ______ degrees. _________ degrees is ideal.
60-90 degrees 90 degrees is ideal
DEFN: A metal fairlead for the anchor chain serving to prevent the chain from fouling on deck and supporting the riding pawl.
Riding chock
What is the maximum number of lines that should be attached to a bollard?
2
What (2) things should happen to a piece of lifting equipment that has been subjected to a load over its SWL?
- Remove from service 2. Inspection for damage
What is the most common design of anchor used in todays merchant service?
AC-14
What is the last shot of anchor chain painted?
Red
_________ is an international convention that requires safety signs to be posted to identify life saving equipment.
SOLAS
What tool is useful when spooling the first layer of new wire on a drum?
A brass or rubber mallet
1 CABLE LENGTH = _______ FATHOMS = _______ FEET
120 FATHOMS = 720 FEET
The crane ______, ____, and ____________ determines the specific training requirements.
size, lifts, and capabilities
DEFN: An individual assigned as a spotter for crane operations who guides the crane operator and assists in working during blind lift situations, etc.
Bankston
TRUE/FALSE: No more than two (2) feet of a pilot’s ladder is allowed to be in the water during pilot boarding.
FALSE
What are (2) things that should be tested prior to entering a port?
- Emergency systems 2. Steering
______ safety signs are designed to prohibit or stop an action or mark fire fighting equipment.
RED
SOLAS Chapter _____ and ______ CFR govern the use of pilot boarding arrangements.
SOLAS Chapter 5 46 CFR
What does the acronym COSHH stand for in reference to material storage lockers?
Chemicals Or Substances Hazardous to Health
DEFN: Large drums used for the handling of the forward mooring mooring lines.
Gypsy heads
Each end of the gangway should lead to a ________/__________ location.
Sheltered / Safe
What is the inspection frequency for lifting equipment not intended for lifting personnel?
At least every 12 months
What is the main benefit of using (2) anchors?
Limits the swing of the vessel
What is the second-to-last shot of anchor chain usually painted?
Yellow
When is it authorized to lift a load greater than the SWL of the lifting appliance?
During testing only
DEFN: A safety stopper that works like a ratchet on the links of the chain and will catch on a link and hold the chain from paying out in an emergency.
Riding pawl
What (2) things determine the chain size for a vessel?
- Displacement 2. Sail size
Thirty (30) fathoms of chain are the equivalent to how many shots?
2 shots = 30 fathoms
DEFN: A piece of line used to hold the mooring line tight order to secure to the bitt
Stopper
What is the must common construction for wire ropes on ship’s cranes?
“single layer” wire
Cranes are powered by what two (2) means?
- Electrically 2. Hydraulically
What are (3) requirements of accommodation ladders?
- Suitable fencing 2. Footholds accessible and self-leveling 3. Marked with SWL
DEFN: The up and down movement along the Z-axis.
Heaving
What are (5) items expected from the Bridge Team/Ship to the Pilot?
- Engine response times 2. Rudder response 3. Air draught 4. Any defects 5. Personnel on watch
What is the advantage of a Mediterranean Moor and what is required to use it?
- Enables a larger number of ships to access dock 2. Calm weather (wx) is required
If there are 5 links painted white on either side of the red detachable link, how many shots of chain are paid out?
5 shots
Breast lines provide ____________ restraint.
Athwartships
What is the term used to describe attaching a second line to a bollard?
Dipping the eye
What is the type of anchor commonly used amongst small boats and yachtsman?
Danforth
DEFN: A heavy metal plate that covers hawsepipe opening on deck in prevents water rushing up the hawsepipe.
Buckler plate
If there are 2 white links showing immediately forward and aft of the a red link on an anchor chain then how many shots are currently over the side?
2 shots
Soft mooring lines refer to what material?
Synthetic
What is the design and layout of a typical BLUE safety sign?
Blue disc / background White symbol
If a ship anchors close to your vessel which is already at anchor, whose responsibility is it to move to avoid a collision?
Your responsibility
What side will the pilot boat want to be positioned on for dropping off the pilot?
Leeward side of the ship
TRUE/FALSE: The anchor is designed to stop the ship.
FALSE
_________ lines provide longitudinal restraint.
Spring lines
If out on deck during extreme weather what should be in use?
A lifeline
DEFN: The relationship between the length of chain paid out and the depth of water.
Scope of chain
Each shot of anchor chain is joined by a __________ _____.
Detachable link
Green safety signs indicate _________.
Emergency escape or first aid
What is the symbol, drawn on the nav chart by the Mate, that indicates the position of the ship while at anchor and the path it can scribe around the anchor?
Swing circle
What are the only conditions that a gangway or other access equipment should be rigged to a ship’s rail?
Only if specifically designed for that purpose.
DEFN: A chain stopper consisting of a metal claw attached to a turnbuckle which in turn is secured at the base of the windlass. Used in the Merchant Marine.
Devil’s claw
International convention requires signs to identify what (5) things?
- Warnings 2. Emergency escape 3. First Aid 4. Firefighting gear 5. Lifesaving equipment
A _______ and _________ ____ of all lifting appliances is a requirement.
Register, inspection log
What action MUST always occur prior to letting go the anchor?
Check below the path of the anchor
What is an action that can be taken to stop a ship from dragging anchor after it has begun?
Let out more chain
________ lines prevent the ship from creeping astern and the _________ lines prevent the ship from creeping ahead.
Head, Stern
Safety signs colored red indicate what?
warning/stop
What are (4) types of chain appendages found on almost all grounding tackle?
- Connecting links 2. Swivels 3. End links 4. Shackles
What are (5) items the mate on anchor watch should be concerned with when the ship comes to anchor?
- Monitor position 2. Anchor day-shapes displayed 3. Vessel movement in anchorage 4. Weather 5. Deck lights
What is a hazard associated with charging batteries?
gas discharge
Green safety signs usually have what type of design and layout?
Green square / rectangle White words or symbols Green background
During situations of increased weather extremes and differing seabed conditions the chain length should be increased to _____ to ______ times the depth.
8 - 9 times
Referring to anchors, what is meant by the acronym ‘HHP’?
High Holding Power
What should be done to a piece of lifting equipment after it has been repaired or serviced prior to use?
Serviceability testing
1 FATHOM = ______ FEET
6 FEET
DEFN: The side-to-side movement along the Y-axis.
Swaying
How much strength does a stud-link add over a normal link of chain?
15 %
Referring to anchors, what is meant by the acronym ‘HPR’?
Holding Power Ratio
The main load on a ship is usually __________.
Lateral
When approaching an anchorage, how can the current be determined prior to arriving at your anchoring point?
By looking at the other vessel’s chain
What piece of safety paperwork is required while working crane ops?
Permit to work
What are (3) types of cranes discussed in class?
- Knuckle-boom 2. Pedestal 3. Gantry
Where is the SWL marked on a crane?
On the heel of the boom
A _______ anchorage is formed or restricted by natural or man-made hazards in the area.
Confined
During mooring, refrain from using (short / long) pieces of line - a lot of tension will be applied.
Short
DEFN: A condition when a ship is moored with two anchors and the anchor cables have become entwined.
Fouled hawse
What is the term for lines made up of steel wires with synthetic tails?
Combi-lines
What is the common Rule of Thumb (ROT) for deciding which anchor (port and starboard) to use?
Port in North, Starboard in South (hemispheres)
What is the anchor that is often used to hold buoy’s and other permanent structures?
Mushroom
What are (3) types of anchorages?
- Open anchorage 2. Defined anchorage 3. Confined
