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HS 44 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some factors that play a role in determining when a person will first have sexual intercourse at a later age?

A
  • Positive emotional connections with family members
  • Parental disapproval of early sex and contraceptive use
  • Greater parental control
  • Higher peer-related self-esteem
  • Academic achievement and participation
  • Greater religiosity
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2
Q

What are some factors that play a role in determining when a person will first have sexual intercourse at an earlier age?

A
  • Greater peer pressure to have sex
  • Substance use with friends
  • Having an older partner
  • Prior experience of unwanted sexual contact
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3
Q

How do gynaecologists who support hymen reconstruction view it?

A

Promoting and protecting women’s physical, psychological, and social well-being; they argue that women have a right to make decisions about their own bodies

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4
Q

How do gynaecologists who oppose hymen reconstruction view it?

A

Deceptive toward future marriage partners and their families and it is not medically necessary

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5
Q

Why do some people object to the hymen reconstruction surgery?

A

They believe that it perpetuates the discriminatory practice of requiring women to prove their virginity

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6
Q

How is sexual consent defined?

A

An individual’s agreement to engage in sexual behavior

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7
Q

What are the two key components to giving sexual consent?

A

1) A clear understanding of what it is that the person is consenting to
2) The consent is given freely, without coercion or undue infuence

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8
Q

What is sexual compliance?

A

An individual’s willing consent to engage in sexual behavior when she or he does not desire sexual activity

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9
Q

What motivates people to consent to sexual activity that they do not desire?

A

Relationship factors such as wanting to make one’s partner happy, promoting intimacy, and avoiding relationship conflict

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10
Q

According to social script theory, there are two additional levels at which sexual scripts exist:

A

The interpersonal, and the intrapsychic or individual

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11
Q

Sexual thoughts or images that stimulate a person physiologically and/or emotionally are known as __

A

Sexual fantasies

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12
Q

What is a strategy often introduced in sex therapy to help people struggling with low sexual desire and arousal?

A

Incorporating fantasy into one’s sexual activities

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13
Q

Research has found evidence to support that more men than women masturbate, why?

A

Men may have higher sex drives and therefore desire sexual satisfaction more often than do women

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14
Q

__ is known as “dry humping”

A

Frottage

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15
Q

What is interfemoral intercourse?

A

The sexual practice in which a man moves his penis between his partner’s thighs without intromission

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16
Q

__ is intercourse in which a man inserts his penis into a woman’s vagina

A

Coitus

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17
Q

Sex researchers have long described orgasm as primarily a physiological response, although more recent definitions recognize its __ aspects

A

Biopsychosocial

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18
Q

What are some examples of individual factors, relational factors, and lifestyle factors?

A
  • Individual: Younger age, fewer sexual problems, greater frequency of orgasm
  • Relational: Relationship satisfaction, effective communication
  • Lifestyle: Working the same shifts
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19
Q

How might sexual satisfaction be distinguished from sexual functioning?

A

Because it reflects the interpersonal and affective qualities of sex, whereas sexual functioning focuses on sexual responses (arousal, orgasm, lubrication)
- It may be the quality of sex and intimacy rather than discrete sexual functions that ultimately determine sexual satisfaction

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20
Q

The interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction (IEMSS) is based on __

A

Social exchange theory:

which describes discrete interpersonal behaviors or interactions as “exchanges”

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21
Q

Research suggests that we are more sexually satisfied when we are __ satisfied AND when our sexual interactions with a partner include more of what we find pleasing and less of what we find displeasing

A

Relationally

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22
Q

What are sexually explicit materials?

A

Textual, visual, and/or audial material that promotes or creates sexual arousal

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23
Q

How do partners successfully navigate differences in their sexual preferences, maximizing sexual rewards and minimizing sexual costs?

A

Couples use sexual self-disclosure and communication to negotiate a mutually pleasurable sexual script

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24
Q

Marital experts suggest that __ are better predictors of long-lasting relationships than are partners’ similarities in interests or personality

A

Healthy communication and effective conflict resolution

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25
Q

Why might cohabitation tend to be less stable than marriages and more likely to dissolve?

A

Couples may “slide” into cohabitating relationships for reasons like “it was time” or to save money on rent, rather than making a well-considered, long-term commitment to each other when moving in

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26
Q

__ suggest that couples who are relationally satisfied tend to stay sexually satisfied over decades and vice versa

A

Longitudinal studies

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27
Q

What are the four components of a friends with benefits relationship?

A

1) It is ongoing
2) It is sexual
3) No sexual or emotional exclusivity is required
4) Relationship is rarely discussed directly or revealed to others

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28
Q

__ involves being in a romantic and sexual relationship with more than one person at the same time

A

Polyamory

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29
Q

Why might polyamory appeal to some?

A

It offers a more flexible framework on which type can build the type of relationships they desire

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30
Q

Historically, when did polygyny emerge?

A

In largely agrarian societies where having larger family units was an advantage

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31
Q

__ is the practice of both partners in an emotionally committed or married couple agreeing to and participating in sex with other individuals, usually at the same time

A

Swinging

32
Q

Early studies indicate that most swingers are __ (what type of characteristics)?

A
  • Heterosexual
  • Caucasion
  • Married relationships
  • Conservative political views
33
Q

__ relationships are more similar to swinging than to __ relationships, in that most take the form of one primary and “emotionally exclusive” relationship where both partners freely consent to one or both partners having sexual relation, but not emotional bonds with others

A

Open; polyamorous

34
Q

Higher risk of extramarital sex was associated with __ background factors, such as being male or having divorced parents, as well as current __ factors, such as having considered divorcing, presence of spousal violence etc.

A

Individual; relational

35
Q

What is the agenda-setting theory?

A

A theory that proposes that media influence our thoughts and behavior by highlighting what we should pay attention to

36
Q

What is the cultivation theory?

A

A theory that proposes that media portrayals create a shared set of values and expectations about reality among media consumers

37
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

A theory based on the idea that learning occurs through modelling of observed behavior

38
Q

How does media have a positive influence on sexuality?

A

1) Media can provide quick access to reliable information on sexual health
2) Offers diverse sexual models that may serve as personal role models and offer guidance for relationship interactions
3) Media characters allow individuals to vicariously practice sexual and relationship norms and ideals

39
Q

What are the girl-zines?

A

Self-published print or online magazines written by young women to express their thoughts and feelings about sexuality in a non-judgmental outlet

40
Q

What are the three categories of online sexual activity (OSA)?

A

1) Establishing and maintaining relationships
2) Obtaining sexuality information
3) Obtaining sexual gratification

41
Q

What are the negative effects on relationships and intimacy involving OSA?

A

Communication problems between partners, because it is difficult to communicate emotional tone and humour without facial expressions, vocal tones, and gestures
May also result in one partner neglecting his/her responsibilities toward the other

42
Q

What are the positive effects on relationships involving OSA that have been reported?

A

OSA participants reported an increased quality and frequency of sexual activity and increased intimacy with their partners
- Also, sexual communication improved

43
Q

Petersen and Hyde found that men reported __ use of sexually explicit material than women did

A

More

44
Q

What are paraphilias?

A

Any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners

45
Q

The DSM-5 defines a paraphilic disorder as:

A

A paraphilia that is currently causing distress or impairment to the individual, or a paraphilia that causes personal harm, or risk of harm, to others when acted upon

46
Q

Criterion A specifies:

A

The qualitative nature of the paraphilia i.e. exposing one’s genitals to strangers

47
Q

Criterion B specifies:

A

The negative consequences of the paraphilia i.e. distress, impairment, or harm to others

48
Q

For a diagnosis, the paraphilic disorder must have been present for at least:

A

Six months

49
Q

Why is it difficult to research characteristics of people who engage in atypical sexual behaviors?

A

Because these behaviors are generally expressed in private, what happens behind closed bedroom doors is still considered by many to be taboo

50
Q

What are most fetishes directly related to?

A

The human body or objects that are in close association with the body
- also tend to be female gender-specific

51
Q

The DSM-5 provides two specifiers for the diagnosis of transvestic disorder in men:

A

1) If an individual also reports sexual arousal to the fabrics, materials he is wearing (diagnosed with fetishism)
2) If the individual is sexually aroused by thoughts of himself as a female (diagnosed with autogynephilia)

52
Q

BDSM, known more generally as __

A

Kink

53
Q

What does bondage and discipline include?

A

Bondage is the use of restraints (handcuffs, ribbons)

Discipline may include painful whipping, biting, application of hot wax

54
Q

The prevalence rate of BDSM activity is __ among men than among women

A

Higher

55
Q

Where does the term sadism come from?

A

The period of the French Revolution (Donatien Alphonse Francois)

56
Q

What does sexual sadism disorder involve?

A

Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors

57
Q

How was the term masochism created?

A

Richard von Krafft-Ebing who wrote novels about his masochistic fantasies: being humiliated, beaten, bound, etc.

58
Q

Nymphomania in __ and satyriasis in __ “sex addiction”

A

Females; men

59
Q

Hypersexual behavior in males and females was found to be associated with:

A

Risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, heavy drinking, drug use

60
Q

Hypersexuality is characterized by:

A

Dysregulation in impulse control, resulting in excessive frequency and intensity of maladaptive behaviors

61
Q

What is persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD)?

A

Spontaneous, persistent, uncontrollable genital arousal that is not associated with sexual desire

62
Q

What is priapism?

A

A persistent, often painful erection

63
Q

__ is diagnosed when an individual has recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing and/or engaging in sexual activity

A

Voyeuristic disorder

64
Q

When does voyeuristic behavior become abnormal?

A

When it becomes preferred to partnered sex, interferes with a person’s daily activities, or when it involves crimes such as breaking/entering

65
Q

Voyeurism is often comorbid with many other paraphilias such as:

A

Sadism, masochism, and exhibitionism

66
Q

Why is exhibitionism far more common in men than women?

A

Anecdotal evidence suggests that one possible explanation for this difference can be that men have fewer socially acceptable outlets for exposing themselves than women do i.e. strip clubs

67
Q

What is telephone scatalogia?

A

A form of verbal exhibitionism in which a person becomes aroused by making sexually explicit telephone calls, based on the reaction of the victim

68
Q

__ is a french verb meaning rubbing or friction

A

Frotter

69
Q

__ is the erotic interest in committing rape

A

Biastophilia

70
Q

It was found that online offenders with a history of contact offenders had higher __ rates than contact-only sex offenders

A

Recidivism (committing another crime)

71
Q

The best predictor of recidivism that we have to date is arousal to children as measured by __

A

Penile plethysmography (PPG)

72
Q

__ refers to travel for the purposes of engaging in uninhibited sex

A

Sex tourism

73
Q

__ is the erotic interest in contact with feces

A

Coprophilia

74
Q

__ is the arousal to the feeling of a texture

A

Hyphephilia

75
Q

__ is the arousal to enemas

A

Klismaphilia

HS 44 (2 decks)

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