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Poultry Production > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Eutrophication

A

The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life, usually resulting in depletion of dissolved oxygen

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2
Q

Keratoconjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva

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3
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucus membrane inner surface of the eyelid

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4
Q

The most critical time for proper management in grow-out

A

The first week

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5
Q

Cargill grow out house dimensions

A

700 ft long by 63 ft wide

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6
Q

Cargill products

A

Whole birds, case-ready products, deli meats, ground turkey, sausages, wings and tenders

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7
Q

How long should feed be withheld from broilers before capturing?

A

8-12 hours

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8
Q

When is the best time to catch birds and why?

A

Early morning or late evening, because it minimizes stress

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9
Q

How long is the ideal trip from grow out to processing plant?

A

No more than 2 hours

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10
Q

Stunning knife purpose and voltage

A

Renders bird unconscious, uses 110 volts

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11
Q

How long does exsanguination take?

A

1.5-3 minutes

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12
Q

What happens if scalding water is too hot or too cold?

A

Too hot - skin will tear in plucker

Too cold - feathers will not loosen

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13
Q

Hard scald

A

138-148 degrees F, 35-75 seconds

Removes outer layer of skin

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14
Q

Soft scald

A

123-130 degrees F, 90-120 seconds

Keeps skin intact

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15
Q

How long does it take a drum plucker to pluck 2-3 birds?

A

Only 30-60 seconds

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16
Q

First step in evisceration

A

Remove head, feet, and oil glands

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17
Q

Which organs to remove during evisceration? Which stays in the body?

A

Intestines, gizzard, proventriculus, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, lungs. Kidneys remain

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18
Q

What should we do to a carcass after evisceration?

A

Thoroughly wash with cool water

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19
Q

Within what time frame should a 4 lb, 4-8 lb, and 8+ lb bird be chilled to 40 degrees F?

A

Within 4 hours for 4 lb bird
Within 6 hours for 4-8 lb bird
Within 8 hours for anything greater than 8 lbs

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20
Q

What are the five welfare freedoms?

A

Freedom from hunger and thirst; from discomfort; from pain, injury, and disease; to express natural behavior; and freedom from fear and stress

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21
Q

Bioethics principles

A

Do no harm and do beneficial things

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22
Q

Ethical goals for agriculture

A

QQP - quantity, quality, price

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23
Q

Animal health and well being for 3 different cage systems

A

Aviary - cannibalization, high mortality, keel bone damage, better bone integrity
Enriched colony - less dirty, best nest use, best hen/day production
Conventional - highest incidence of foot problems, lowest bone quality

24
Q

Food safety and quality of 3 different cage systems

A

Aviary - highest microbial activity, highest coliform content of eggs
Enriched colony - 2nd highest microbial levels
Conventional - egg quality not impacted

25
Q

Environmental impact of 3 different cage systems

A

Aviary - highest ammonia levels, highest particulate conditions
Enriched colony - NSD
Conventional - lowest ammonia levels, lowest particulate conditions

26
Q

Worker health and safety of 3 different cage systems

A

Aviary - short term respiration issues, ergonomic challenge
Enriched colony - NSD
Conventional - NS

27
Q

Food affordability

A

Aviary - 179% price increase from conventional
Enriched colony - 106% price increase from conventional
Conventional - best

28
Q

Critical factors of broiler management

A

Sanitation, temperature, feed, water, ventilation, lighting, density, vaccination

29
Q

Tunnel ventilation target air speed

A

600-900 feet/minute

30
Q

Sensible heat loss

A

Heat dissipated by birds through heat transfer to air; causes increase in house air TEMP (40% of total barn heat)

31
Q

Latent heat loss

A

Heat lost from bird through evaporation of moisture from its respiratory; causes increase in house HUMIDITY (60% of total barn heat)

32
Q

How foggers and misters work

A

Water absorbs heat energy and evaporates, reducing the temp

33
Q

Foggers and mister concerns

A

Saturated barn air, more than 70%; counterproductive to bird’s ability for evaporative respiratory cooling; 2500 gal water/day

34
Q

Feeding efficiency concerns

A

Feed wastage, ingredient separation, feed quality effects, hygienic concerns

35
Q

GRP silo/bin

A

Glass-fiber reinforced polyester; low maintenance, less condensation, no corrosion, often transparent; high purchase price, prone to chipping, vitamin oxidation

36
Q

Sheet metal silo/bin

A

Cheap, does not allow sunlight in; higher maintenance, condensation can occur, difficult to see how much food is left

37
Q

Moisture migration

A
  1. Heat loss is prevalent at outside edge of bin
  2. Cool air falls, displaces warm air, picks up moisture from warm core as it passes through
  3. Warm, moist air begins to cool as it approaches the top, allowing the cycle to continue
  4. Spoilage at grain surface is often the result
38
Q

Max number of days food should be stored in silos

A

7 days

39
Q

What can help condensation problems?

A

Feed inlet pipe and air outlet pipe; pneumatically conveyed

40
Q

Max exit angle of discharge auger

A

40 degrees

41
Q

Minimum hopper slope angle

A

60 degrees

42
Q

One large bin vs. two smaller bins

A

One large - less expensive
Two small - emptied on regular basis, management benefits, one may be empty for cleaning/maintenance while the other is being used

43
Q

Level food trough should be in the grow house and why

A

At the height of the bird’s back; to allow majority of birds to reach but high enough to prevent feed wastage

44
Q

How should feed be delivered in the grow house?

A

Little and often to maintain a low, even depth

45
Q

Goal of feeding chicks and how that’s accomplished

A

Becoming familiar with feeding system; by using high volumes of feed (accessibility outweighs wastage)

46
Q

Tube feeder

A

Storage hopper at end of building, overhead conveyer, feed can be distributed almost anywhere in the house; have been replaced by small pan feeders

47
Q

Pan feeders

A

Storage hopper at end of building, series connection, overhead conveyer

48
Q

Chain feeders

A

Storage hopper, series connection; more difficult than pan feeders - more pellet breakdown, ingredient separation; can lower FCR when managed properly

49
Q

For the first few days, how much of brooding area should feed be provided over?

A

20%

50
Q

How much feed is provided and why?

A

Ad libitum = without restraint; to allow rapid development to market size and ease of management

51
Q

What drugs are used for sedating the birds?

A

Sodium pentabarbitol, Lidocaine, and Penicillin

52
Q

What equipment is needed for a cecectomy?

A

A #10 blade on #3 handle, syringe, Iris surgical scissors, hemostats, Allis tissue forceps, tweezers, reverse cutting needle and sutures.

53
Q

How much of Sodium Pentabarbitol is injected into a bird before surgery?

A

25mg/kg Body weight

54
Q

In what order are the a aesthetics used?

A

Sodium pentabarbitol first - deep unconscious sleep

Lidocaine 2nd - local anesthesia for skin and muscle

55
Q

How long should the incision be?

A

1.5-2.0inch long

56
Q

When do you use Penicillin in the cecectomy

A

Before Suturing and after, intramuscularly, to prevent post operative infection

Poultry Production (2 decks)

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