Exam 3

Question 1

What organisms are most numerous on Earth?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

Which of the
following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but not
Archaea or Eukarya?

Answer 2

Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan

Question 3

single-celled organism that had a cell wall

but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?

Answer 3

Archaea

Question 4

) Which of the following describe all existing bacteria?

Answer 4

Tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse

Question 5

Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share?

Answer 5

Lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane

Question 6

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

Answer 6

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 7

) Biologists sometimes divide living organisms into two groups: autotrophs and heterotrophs.
These two groups differ in _____.

Answer 7

Their mode of nutrition

Question 8

What is the goal of bioremediation?

Answer 8

To clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria

Question 9

Some researchers have begun attempting to clean up oil spills by adding nonindigenous
microbial hydrocarbon degraders to the spill, in the hopes that these bacteria will neutralize the
dangerous chemicals in the spill. This is an example of _____.

Answer 9

Seeding

Question 10

You have found a new prokaryote. What line of evidence would support your hypothesis that
the organism is a cyanobacterium?

Answer 10

It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen.

Question 11

Multicellularity and large body size of eukaryotic organisms requires high metabolic rates and
efficient ATP production by aerobic respiration. How did bacteria change Earth’s atmosphere to
enable aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria significantly increased the amount of oxygen
in the atmosphere

Question 12

What experiment can distinguish between high-GC Gram-positive bacteria and low-GC
Gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 12

Ribosome analysis

Question 13

When a mosquito infected withPlasmodium first bites a human, thePlasmodium _____.

Answer 13

Cells infect the human liver cells

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning?

Answer 14

Dinoflagellates

Question 15

All protists are _____.

Answer 15

Eukaryotic

Question 16

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because _____.

Answer 16

protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack

Question 17

) Which of the following statements is consistent with the assertion that protists are paraphyletic?

Answer 17

Some protists evolved into other eukaryotic groups

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?

Answer 18

Trait common in a single monophyletic group, but not generally found outside of that
group

Question 19

According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the
engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food?

Answer 19

The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 20

Paraphyletic

Answer 20

Descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, but not including all the descendant groups.

Question 21

Polyphyletic

Answer 21

Derived from more than one common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group and therefore not suitable for placing in the same taxon.

Question 22

Monophyletic

Answer 22

Descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, especially one not shared with any other group.

Question 23

Assume that some members of an aquatic species of motile, photosynthetic protists evolve to
become parasitic to fish. They gain the ability to live in the fish gut, absorbing nutrients as the
fish digests food. Over time, which of the following phenotypic changes would you expect to
observe in this population of protists?

Answer 23

Loss of chloroplasts

Question 24

Which of the following might be a result of adding a secondary consumer

Answer 24

A decrease in the number of primary consumers

Question 25

) In the process of alternation of generations, the _____

Answer 25

Gametophyte is haploid and produces spores

Question 26

) As fuels, wood and coal _____.

Answer 26

Were both commonly used throughout the United States through the early 1900s

Question 27

The major function of the medicinal compounds in plants is to _____.

Answer 27

Defend the plant against microbes

Question 28

Haploid

Answer 28

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 29

Diploid

Answer 29

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent