Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor Learning and Human Performance > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Keep Your Eye on the Ball

A

when projectile is approaching at 100 mph

  • can’t keep eye on ball = professional batters
  • professional batters can only track the ball within 5 - 5 1/2 feet
  • angular velocity of 500 degrees/sec
  • humans can only track up to 70 degrees/sec
  • fastest reaction athletes were at 5 feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinesthesis Perception

A

perceptional activity arriving from proprioceptors that reside in muscles, tendons, and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proprioceptors

A

structural components in the body that reside in muscles, tendons, and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kinethesis

A
  • information about the position of body parts
  • ability to discriminate speed or amplitude of movements
  • ability to discriminate movement
  • ability to discriminate pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proprioceptor

A
  • ruffin receptors
  • golgi tendon organ
  • vestibular appartus
  • muscle spindles
  • joint receptors
    • pacinian corpuscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ruffin Receptors

A

heat sensitivity, deep in skin, lip and oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

A

tendons, junction of tendons and muscles, function to detect force through tendons due to lengthening of muscle, work with muscle spindles, aid in spatial position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vestibular Appartus

A

temporal lobe of inner ear and give information about head position, linear and angular acceleration, visual fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

located in muscles, function to direct change in muscle fiber length, limb movement and acceleration, limb spatial spatial position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Joint Receptors

A

located in capsules and ligaments, function to detect joint spatial positioning and joint velocity and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

deep pressure, stretch vibration, found in ski and around ligaments, especially in fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To Practice Kinesthesis

A
  • close eyes/blindfold
  • manual manipulation
  • talk “feel” - proprioceptor terms
  • video
  • mirrors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kinesthetic Aftereffects

A

perceived modifications in the weight, size of an object or perceived distortion of limb position, movement, intensity of muscular contraction as a result of exposure to environmental condition or object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

KA Research

A

KA in 100% of studies felt faster or felt better but factual data said no improvements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pain

A

perceptional process that represents an individual’s response to noxious injurious stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Objective Measure

A
  • heat
  • cold
  • cleat
  • blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pain Tolerance

A

highly individual and variable, highest level of noxious injurious stimuli you will endure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pain Threshold

A

common, inuring, lowest level reported pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pain Augmenters

A

individuals that engage in psychological behavior that increase perception of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pain Reducers

A

individuals that engage in psychological behaviors that decrease perception of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Factors that Effect Pain Tolerance

A
  • past experiences
  • training state - meaning attached to pain
  • personality
  • nature of task
  • expectations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Objectice Fatigue

A

physiological, measurable, biochemical, electrical, or structural changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Subjective Fatigue

A

perceptional, highly individual, subjective feeling of tiredness, not measurable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

So What? - Fatigue

A
  • optimally fatigue clients based on individual and task itself
  • more is not better
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Speed/Accuracy

A
  • if you tell a client to be fast they will do it faster with more errors
  • if you tell a client to be accurate then they will do it slower and less errors
  • if you are told to be fast and speed then fewer errors and a little bit slower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Emphasize Speed or Accuracy

A
  • in skills which speed is the prime factor for success then emphasize speed from the start
  • if accuracy is the most important then emphasize accuracy from the start
  • if both are important then emphasize both from the start
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Either Speed or Accuracy

A

if it could go either way then emphasize on speed is preferred

  • transfer from speed to accuracy is greater than transfer from accuracy to speed
  • no spatial or temporal changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Extreme Emphasize Speed or Accuracy

A

extreme emphasis on either is detrimental and leads to bad technique
-want game like conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Exceptions to Rules

A
  • severe performance problem
  • safety is an issue
  • different abilities impact speed/accuracy abilities depending on what stage you are in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Visual Learner

A

early advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Kinesthetic Learner

A

late advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 Things That Making Predicting Even Harder

A
  1. if the task is complex
  2. ample practice time is not available
  3. the group is the same
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Warm Up Research

A

equival (goes either way)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Warm-Up Decrement

A

poor performance following a lay off after even a brief time (few minutes —-hours/days/weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

3 Considerations For Performance Quality

A
  1. learning process is understood and has to do with perception
  2. understand your particular learner (motivation, past experiences)
  3. situational processes (feedback type, setting, practice schedule)
36
Q

Skills

A

achieving a consistent degree of success against a reference movement with efficiency and effectiveness

  • relative quality not absolute
  • ability to bring about movement with maximum certainty and minimum time
  • skill = speed x accuracy x form x adaptability
37
Q

Ability

A

general induring characteristics that are primarily effected by biology and hereditary
-general trait or capacity of individual that is a determinate of their achievement potential

38
Q

Skills - Elements

A
  1. perceive that relevant environmental features
  2. decide what to do, where, and when
  3. produce the correct muscle movement
    - postural components
    - body transport components
    - manipulation components
39
Q

Coping Modeling

A

demonstration done at or similar to the clients

40
Q

Master Modeling

A

demonstration in the final stages of the final autonomous phase

41
Q

You Want to be a Better Model

A
  • model similarity
  • model nuturance
  • model competence
  • reinforce clients
42
Q

Your Client to Benefit From Modeling

A
  • attend to relative cue
  • remember those critical cues
  • process necessary cues
  • get reinforcement when they do things correctly
43
Q

Singers 5 Step Strategy

A
  • readying
  • imaging
  • focusing
  • executing
  • evaluating
44
Q

Readying

A

mental and physical

45
Q

Imaging

A

mental pictures of successful performance

46
Q

Focusing

A

attending to most critical cue at the time

47
Q

Excuting

A

performing automatic

48
Q

Evaluating

A

self-evaluation of outcome

49
Q

Massed-Distributed

A
  • amount of time spent within a part of practice
  • no absolute value
  • total practice time has to be the same
50
Q

Massed

A

all at the same time (15 minutes at once)

51
Q

Distributed

A

spread out of time (5 min, 5 min, 5 min)

52
Q

Instrinsic

A
  • kinestetic or propriceptors (from within)

- self-talk

53
Q

Extrinsic

A
  • comes from outside performer

- non-verbal or sound

54
Q

Concurrent

A

as the person is performing

55
Q

Terminal

A

after the performance

56
Q

Immediate

A

5 to 7 seconds

57
Q

Delayed

A

anything greater than 7 seconds

58
Q

Non-verbal

A

instruments, non-verbal communication, facial expressions

59
Q

Verbal

A

outward expression with words

60
Q

Seperate

A

after each response

61
Q

Accumulated

A

2 or more

62
Q

Augmenting IF Through Verbal Cues

A

IF is an explanation of the reason for success or failure

63
Q

Several Difficulties with IF

A
  • too much information provided so that learner is confused
  • Feedback (FB) may be so generalized and vague that it fails to communicate the specific information
  • FB may be delayed so that it has little meaning at the time
64
Q

What Conditions Affect KR?

A
  • task specificity
  • spacing of KR
  • delay of KR
  • frequency of KR
  • magnitude and direction of reported error
  • type of KR
  • alertness of learner in supplying own KR
65
Q

What Methods are Available for Providing KR?

A
  • verbal direction
  • manual guidance
  • visual aids
  • demonstrations
  • kinesthetic feedback
66
Q

Optimal Level Hypothesis

A

increasing the precision of the feedback is most beneficial but only to certain level but after that it has diminishing and negative effects

67
Q

Functions of Feedback

A
  • inform
  • reward
  • motivate
68
Q

Inform

A
  • 80% of feedback should be this

- specific, factual, evidence bases information

69
Q

Reward

A

feedback given to compliment something they are already doing

70
Q

Motivate

A

feedback given to encourage behavior or performance you have not seen yet

71
Q

Inappropriate Feedback Methods

A
  • excessive praise for success on an easy task
  • excessive praise for moderate performance
  • ignore errors
72
Q

Big Mac Attach - Feedback Guidlines

A
  • positive
  • what was done
  • what to do
  • why
  • positive feedback
73
Q

Positive

A

truthful, authentic, genuine, contingent

74
Q

Whole Practice

A

a segregated, independent pattern which possesses unity, coherence, and meaning in itself above that implied by its part

75
Q

Part Practice

A

an element in a total situation which is essential to the meaning as a whole but which loses its peculiar meaning when isolated from the whole

76
Q

Task Complexiy

A

demands on a person’s memory

77
Q

Task Organization

A

interrelationship of the tasks components

78
Q

Fractionization

A
  • A, B, C, D
  • a part- task training method related to bimanual skills that involves practicing each arm separately before performing with the arms together
79
Q

Segmentation

A

A, B, AB, C, ABC
-a part-task training method that involves separating the skill into parts and then practiced the parts so that after one part is practiced, it is then practiced together with the next part, and so on

80
Q

Simplification

A

decreasing difficulty of whole skill

81
Q

Pure Part

A

(1,2,3,4,5)

82
Q

Progressive Part

A

(1) (2) (12)(3) (123) (4)

83
Q

Whole Repetitive Part

A

(1) (1-2) (1234)

84
Q

Whole Part Whole

A

(12345) (2) (12345) (3)

85
Q

Pure Whole

A

(12345) (12345)

86
Q

High Task Complexity and Low Task Organization

A

Part

87
Q

Low Task Complexity and High Task Organiation

A

Whole

Motor Learning and Human Performance (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions