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Mammilian Physiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Regulation of heart rate by changing the rate of depolarization of the sinoatrial node is often referred to as:

a. chronotropy
b. inotropy
c. both of the above
d. none of the above

A

a. chronotropy

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2
Q

The seal between the cells of a continuous capillary is not usually complete, leaving areas of unjoined membrane that allow fluids and small molecules to pass from the blood to the interstitial fluid. These areas are known as:

a. fenestrations
b. tight junctions
c. intercellular clefts
d. sinusoids

A

c. intercellular clefts

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3
Q

In the cardiac cycle, the ventricle fills mostly as a result of:

a. passive blood flow from the atrium
b. forces of suction from ventricular expansion
c. ventricular contraction
d. high ventricular pressure

A

a. passive blood flow from the atrium

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4
Q

Cardiac pacemaker cells have an unstable resting membrane potential as the result of an unusual _______________ current

a. magnesium
b. sodium
c. chloride
d. calcium

A

b. sodium

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5
Q

Electrical signals move through the heart in a particular order. Which order is correct?

a. SA node; internodal pathway; AV node; bundle of his; purkinje fibers
b. AV node; SA node; internodeal pathway; bundle of his; purkinje fibers
c. SA node; AV node; internodeal pathway; purkinje fibers; bundle of his
d. bundle of his; purkinje fibers; internodal pathways; AV node; SA node

A

a. SA node; internodeal pathway; AV node; bundle of his; purkinje fibers

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6
Q

Norepinephrine has the following effect on pacemaker cells:

a. increased sodium influx
b. increased potassium influx
c. increased ATPase activity
d. decreased calcium influx

A

a. increased sodium influx

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7
Q

The __________ and _________ valves of the heart have no chordae tendinae attached to them.

a. aortic semilunar; pulmonary semilunar
b. aortic semilunar; left atrioventricular
c. pulmonary semilunar; right atrioventricular
d. left atrioventricular; right atrioventricular

A

a. aortic semilunar; pulmonary semilunar

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8
Q

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendinae are the :

a. trabeculae carnae
b. pectinate muscles
c. papillary muscles
d. venae cavae

A

c. papillary muscles

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9
Q

Isovolumemetric contraction:
a. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

b. refers to the short period during ventricular astole when the pressure in the ventricles decreases drastically
c. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the pressure in the ventricles decreases drastically
d. both a and b
e. both a and c

A

e. both a and c

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10
Q

By both ________ the EDV and _________ the ESV, the stroke volume can at times be increased to about double normal ( that is: double the normal stroke volume value):

a. decreasing; increasing
b. decreasing; decreasing
c. increasing; decreasing
d. increasing; increasing

A

c. increasing; decreasing

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11
Q

What type of capillary is normally found in the intestine?

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. sinusoidal
d. none of the above

A

a. continuous

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12
Q

____________ venous return, such as might result from blood loss ___________ EDV and SV.

a. high; increases
b. low; decreases
c. high; decreases
d. low; increases

A

b. low; decreases

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13
Q

Examples of the conducting pathways include:

a. atrioventricular bundle
b. internodal pathway
c. purkinje fibers
d. both b and c
e. both a and c

A

d. both b and c

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14
Q

Cardiac output is equal to heart rate times:

a. blood pressure
b. heart diameter
c. heart length
d. stroke volume

A

d. stroke volume

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15
Q

How do cardiac muscle cells communicate with one another?

a. neurotransmitters
b. gap junctions
c. synapses
d. tight junctions

A

b. gap junctions

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16
Q

Conducting pathways:

a. contract
b. do not contract
c. undergo rhythmic depolarizations
d. both a and c
e. both b and c

A

e. both b and c

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17
Q

The P wave of a normal EKG indicates:

a. ventricular repolarization
b. atrial repolarization
c. ventricular depolarization
d. atrial depolarization

A

d. atrial depolarization

18
Q

The rising phase ( = depolarization) of a contractile cardiac muscle cell action potential is caused by a __________ influx

a. potassium
b. sodium
c. chloride
d. calcium

A

b. sodium

19
Q

Which tunic of a blood vessel contains an endothelium?

a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica externa
d. all of the above

A

a. tunica intima

20
Q

__________ capillaries are the most porous of all capillaries.

a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. sinusoidal
d. all of the above

A

c. sinusoidal

21
Q

The rising phase (= depolarization) of a cardiac pacemaker action potential is caused by a ________ influx

a. potassium
b. sodium
c. chloride
d. calcium

A

d. calcium

22
Q

The end-diastolic volume is:

a. the maximum volume of blood in the ventricle
b. the maximum volume of blood in the atrium
c. the minimum volume of blood in the ventricle
d. the minimum volume of blood in the atrium

A

a. the maximum volume of blood in the ventricle

23
Q

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

a. the heart chambers are lined by endomerium
b. the heart chambers are lined by endomysium
c. the heart chambers are lined by epicardium
d. the myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

A

d. the myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

24
Q

(T or F) Epinephrine is a negative inotropic agent

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

25
Q

(T or F) Increases in heart rate are termed bradycardia

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

26
Q

(T or F) The dicrotic notch refers to the brief rise in pressure caused by the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valve during ventricular systole

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

27
Q

In the cardiac cycle, when the AV valve is open and the semilunar valve is closed, this is most likely ventricular systole

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

28
Q

(T or F)When a cardiac muscle cell is stretched, the strength of its contraction increases

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

29
Q

(T or F) The plateau phase in the action potential of contractile cardiac muscle cells is due to the influx of sodium ions

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

30
Q

(T or F) Acetylcholine decreases heart rate by binding to adrenergic receptors on the pacemaker cells of the heart

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

31
Q

(T or F) Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

32
Q

(T or F) An EKG is a recording of the action potentials of the pacemaker cells only

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

33
Q

(T or F) Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

34
Q

(T or F) The mitral valve has chordae tendonae but the tricuspid valve does not

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

35
Q

(T or F) Only muscular arteries contain smooth muscle cell layer in their wall

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

36
Q

(T or F) Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system increases the strength of contraction of cardiac muscle cells

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

37
Q

(T or F) The increased pressure as a result of the contraction of skeletal muscles forces the venous valves (in the lower limbs) farthest from the heart to open and the venous valves (in the lower limbs) closest to the heart to close, pushing blood toward the heart

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

38
Q

(T or F) During inhalation, the thoracic pressure drops, and this respiratory pump helps draw blood into the veins of the thoracic cavity

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

39
Q

(T or F) The elastic nature of the aorta helps to maintain stable blood pressure during ventricular systole

a. true
b. false

A

b. false

40
Q

(T or F) Small molecules such as water and ions can move across the capillary wall via a paracellular pathway, through the pores between the cells of the capillary wall

a. true
b. false

A

a. true

Mammilian Physiology (3 decks)

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