Exam 3 Flashcards
autocratic leadership
leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others
free-rein leadership
involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives
participative (democratic) leadership
consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions
planning
mngt function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives
organizing
mngt function that includes designing the structure of the organization and crating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives
leading
creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the organizations goals and objectives
controlling
mngt function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goal and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not
SWOT analysis
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
strategic planning
process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals
tactical planning
process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done
contingency planning
process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don’t achieve the organization’s objectives
operational planning
process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives
external customers
dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers (or end users), who buy products for their own personal use
internal customers
individuals and units within the firm that receive services from other individuals or units
compliance based ethics codes
ethical standards that emphasize preventing unlawful behavior by increasing control and by penalizing wrongdoers
integrity based ethics codes
ethical standards that define the organization’s guiding values, create an environment that supports ethically sound behavior, and stress a shared accountability among employees
social audit
systematic evaluation of an organization’s progress toward implementing socially responsible and responsive programs
organizational design
how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims
centralized authority
an organization structure in which decision making authority is maintained at the top level of management
decentralized authority
organization structure in which decision making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be
line personnel
employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals
staff personnel
employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals
matrix organization
organization in which specialists fro different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure
cross-functional self-managed teams
groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis
benchmarking
comparing an organization’s practices, processes, and products against the world’s best
digital natives
young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking
time-motion studies
studies, begun by Frederick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to compete a job and the time needed to do each task
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, an esteem needs to self-actualization
