Exam 3 Flashcards
Change agent
someone who is a catalyst in helping organizations to deal with old problems in new ways
assessment center
wide variety of specific selection programs that use multiple selection methods to rate applicants or job incumbents on their mgmt potential
tell-and-sell approach
tell employees their ratings and then justify the ratings
tell-and-train approach
tell employees their ratings and let them explain their side of the story
problem-solving approach
managers and employees work together to solve performance problems in a respectful and encouraging atmosphere
functional org structure
groups people according to the business functions they perform - manufacturing, finance, or marketing
divisional org structure
employees are segregated into organization groups based on similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions
matrix org structure
combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay
span of control
the number of people reporting directly to a given manager
unity of command
specifies that each employee should only report to one manager
learning organization
an org. that supports lifelong learning by enabling all employees to acquire and share knowledge
network organization
(hollow structure) (open)
designed around a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to other companies or individuals who can do them faster or cheaper
***useful when there is strong price competition
development
acquisition of knowledge, skills, and behaviors that improve an employee’s ability to meet changes in job requirements and in customer demands
disability insurance
short term: provides benefits for 6 months or less
long term: typically 50-70% of employee’s salary - potentially for the rest of life
empowerment
a process where employee’s are highly motivated and engaged to make significant contributions through two-way communication flow with the manager
unfreezing-refreezing
~ Lewin’s Change Model ~
unfreezing: creating the motivation to change // encouraged to replace old habits with new ones
refreezing: support and reinforce the change // possibly using rewards or recognition
Learning Management System (LMS)
a computer application that automates the administration, development, and delivery of training programs
retention bonus
one time pay in accordance to the amount of time the employee has been with the company
balanced scorecard
a combination of performance measures directed toward the company’s long and short term goals and used as the basis for awarding incentive pay
scanlon plan
gainsharing program in which employees receive a bonus if the ratio of labor costs to the sales value of production is below a set standard
merit pay
a system of linking pay increases to ratings on performance appraisals
profit sharing
incentive pay in which payments are a percentage of the organization’s profits and do not become part of the employees’ base salary
gainsharing
group incentive program that measures improvements in productivity and effectiveness objectives and distributes a portion of each gain to employees
cognitive restructuring
(manage stress) by working with psychologist/counselor to identify and address irrational thoughts with logical more functional thoughts and behaviors
muscle relaxation
(manage stress) uses slow deep breathing and systematic muscle tension relaxation
meditation
(manage stress) practitioners relax by redirecting their thoughts away from themselves, often following a structured procedure to significantly reduce mental stress
transfer of training
on-the-job use of knowledge, skills, and behaviors learned in training
simulation
a training method that represents a real life situation, which trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would happen on the job
action learning
training in which teams get an actual problem, work on solving it and commit to an action plan, and are accountable for carrying it out
behavior modeling
involves training sessions in which participants observe other people demonstrating the desired behavior, then have opportunities to practice the behavior themselves
demotion
downward move - happens due to poor performance and/or to help the employee to develop foundational skills
promotion
assignment of an employee to a position with greater challenges, more responsibility, and more authority than in the previous job, usually accompanied by a pay increase
transfer
assignment of an employee to a position in a different area of the company, usually in a lateral move
succession
process of identifying and tracking high-potential employees who will be able to fill top mgmt positions when they become vacant
instructional design
process of systematically developing training to meet specific (job relevant) needs
organizational design
the way the organization groups its people into useful divisions, departments, and reporting relationships
employee benefits
compensation in forms other than cash
cafeteria style plans
a benefits plan that offers employees a set of alternatives from which from which they can choose the types and amounts of benefits they want
flexible spending accounts
employee-controlled pretax earnings set aside to pay for certain eligible expenses, such as health care expenses, during the same year
defined benefits plan
pension plan that guarantees a specified level of retirement income
401K plan
the employee is responsible for choosing specific investments
Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation (PBGC)
federal agency that insures retirement benefits and guarantees retirees a basic benefit if the employer experiences financial difficulties
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
federal law that increased the responsibility of pension plan trustees to protect retirees, established certain rights related to vesting and portability, and created the PBGC
performance bonuses
AKA incentive pay: forms of pay linked to employee’s performance as an individual, group member or org. member
commissions
incentive pay calculated as a percentage of sales
merit pay
a system of linking pay increases to ratings on performance appraisals
Myers-Briggs
Source of energy: I/E
Means of information gathering: S/N
Ways of decision making: F/T
Lifestyle: J/P
High Performance Work System
an organization in which technology, org structure, people, and processes work together seamlessly to give an organization an advantage in the competitive environment
hierarchy of authority
AKA “Chain of command” is a control mechanism dedicated to making sure the right people do the right things at the right time
division of labor
occurs when the common goal is pursued by individuals performing separate but related tasks
needs assessment
the process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary
performance management
the process through which managers ensure that employee’s activities and outputs contribute to the organization’s goals
strategic plan
outlines an organization’s long-term goals and the actions necessary to achieve those goals
SWOT analysis
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats: strategic analysis to determine a direction often within a competitive or resource-constrained environment
force field analysis
decision making technique by analyzing the forces for and against a change, also helps to communicate the decision
competing values analysis
practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture
