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Microbiology > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

compare lytic replication and lysogeny

A

Both produce viruses in the end

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2
Q

lysogeny

A

– Modified replication cycle in which the viral DNA is incorporated into the DNA of the host cell
– Infected host cells grow and reproduce normally for generations, thereby amplifying the phage DNA
– Eventually, environmental stress causes the phage to excise and enter the lytic cycle

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3
Q

lytic replication cycle

A 
Attach
Entry
Synthesis
assembly
Release
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4
Q

– Replication cycle usually results in death and lysis of host cell

A

viral lyptic replication

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5
Q

compare mitosis and meiosis

A

Both processes include the breakdown of the nuclear membrane

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6
Q

• Mitosis = Replication division

A
  • Chromosomes are copied, then separated to 2 nuclei
  • 1 sequence of nuclear division with 4 phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)
  • Asexual reproduction
  • 1 diploid nucleus → 2 identical, diploid nuclei
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7
Q

• meiosis= Reduction division

A

Chromosomes are copied once, then separated in 2 division events: meiosis I and meiosis II
– 1 diploid nucleus → 4 non-identical, haploid nuclei; unidentical from crossing over
– sexual reproduction

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8
Q

pour plate method

A

CFUs are separated from one another using a series of dilutions. An initial 1mL sample is mixed into 9.0 mL of medium in a test tube. After mixing, a new sample from this medium is then used to inoculate 2nd tube of liquid medium. The process is repeated to establish a series of dilutions.

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9
Q

compare pour plate and streak plate method

A

The goal for both is to come up with a pure culture

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10
Q

streak plate method

A

The back loop of an inoculum is spread across the surface of a petri dish in a streak pattern. The loop is sterilized by flame between streaks. The set of (4) streak patterns gradually dilute the sample to a point that CFUs are isolated from one another

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11
Q

the process by which bacteriophages carry genes that are expressed in the bacterium and cause human disease

A

Lysogenic conversion

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12
Q

human prion disease

A

variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

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13
Q

Proteinaceous infectious agents

A

Prions

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14
Q

viruses cause what % of human cancers

A

20-25%

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15
Q

What is a bacteriophage? Which bacteriophage is the model for studying the viral infection process for bacteria?

A

Bacteriophage (viruses that eat bacteria) = “bacteria eater”.; Bacteriophage T4

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16
Q

tiny infectious acellular agent with nucleic acid surrounded by a protein covering called a capsid

A

virus

17
Q

extracellular form of a virus

A

viron

18
Q

*the motile feeding form of a protoza

A

tropozoite

19
Q

culture refers to a pure culture

A

axenic

20
Q

genus that causes the disease UTI

A

Pseudomonas

21
Q

genus that causes listerosis and contaminates dairy and meat products

A

listeria

22
Q

genus that causes cholera; characteristics: facultatice anaerobes, curved rods, polar flagells

A

Vibrio

23
Q

causes tetanus; forms endospores

A

clostridium

24
Q

causes NO disesas; worlds toughest bacterium

A

deinococcus

25
Q

budding, spores, fragmentation, schizogony

A

asexual reproduction in eukarocytes

26
Q

one of the two identical chromosomes made during S phase

A

Chromatid

27
Q

asexual reproduction of some protozoa within red blood cells and/or liver cells

A

Schizogony

28
Q

exchange of DNA during crossing over

This creates diversity among daughter cells.

A

Recombination

29
Q

The vegetative body of a fungus is called the

A

thallus

30
Q

a cell containing both + and – nuclei, which do not fuse, but cohabit a cell and can synchronously divide

A

dikaryon

31
Q

3 characteristics of protozoa

A

Eukaryotic, Unicellular, Lack a cell wall

32
Q

dormancy form of protozoa

A

cysts

33
Q

aquatic microbe that can grow only on the surface of water

A

phototroph; ticks & mosquitoes

34
Q

bacteria that can grow at 37C; normal temp

A

mesophilic aerobe

35
Q

indirect method for measuring the number of microbes

A

turbidity

36
Q

which bacteria vary in size and shape and dont have cell walls

A

pleomorphic bacteria

37
Q

what bacterial cell structure is responsible for separating the chromosome during binary fission

A

cytoplasmic membrane

38
Q

when mitosis occurs w/out cytokinesis, what is produced

A

coenocytes

39
Q

what is the entire interwoven/tangles mass of one multicellular fungal organism

A

Mycelium

Microbiology (4 decks)

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