Exam 3 Flashcards
Ampulla
Sac-like dilation of a canal or duct
Ampule
Small sealed glass of fluid for injection
Ascites
Accumulation of excessive fluid in the abdominal cavity
Bursa
Fibrous sac between tendon and bone or tendon and ligaments lined by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa
Calyces
Cup-like collection area for the urine in the inner part of the kidneys
Capsule
Fibrous sheath that encloses an organ
Capsulotomy
Cutting into a capsule (of the lens of the eye)
Cisterna Magna
Large area of cerebrospinal fluid collection between the cerebellum and the medulla
Cremaster Muscle
Muscle that helps suspend the testicles and can pull them up toward the abdomen
Follicle
Invagination of the skin’s surface that generates hair shafts; Cavity in the ovaries that nourishes an egg (ovum)
Patella
Knee cap; Shallow dish-shaped sesamoid bone
Pelvis
Basin-shaped group of bones that forms the hips
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney with an accumulation of pus in the “basin” i.e. calyces
Pyelography
Injection of a dye for x-ray exam of the kidney calyces
Saccule
Small pouch or cavity
Sacculation
Act of forming small cavities
Thecal
Referring to a sheath or case (often refers to a tissue case for ovarian follicles)
Vas Deferens
Canal for semen going away from the testes
Vascular
Pertaining to blood vessels
Coitus
Sexual Connection between male and female
Commisure
Site of union of corresponding parts (corners of mouth and eyelids)
Concentric
Having a common center (various sized overlapping rings with same center)
Endocrine
Secreting blood-bourne messages to other organs
Hematocrit
Percentage of blood components in relation to total volume of a blood sample that has been separated by centrifugation
Desmoid
Fibrous like a ligament
Desmorrhexis
Rupture of a ligament
Enantiobiosis
Two organisms that live together but antagonize each other’s development
Fissure
Deep cleft
Fission
Asexual reproduction when a cell divides into daughter cells
Hapten
Substance that fastens to a small protein to form a complex that can trigger an allergic reaction
Ligature
String, rubber band, or wire for surgical tying
Ligament
Sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bone at a joint or supporting an organ
Centripetal
Seeking the center
Gastropexy
Fastening the stomach to the abdominal wall
Hysteropexy
Fastening the uterus to the abdominal wall or vagina
Schistosomiasis
Blood fluke parasite; Male has a groove down the length of his body to hold the female when mating
Schistocyte
Sliced red blood cell
Schizophrenia
Split personality
Schizonychia
Splitting of fingernails or townails
Anal Sphincter
Ring-like muscle that constricts the anus
Urethral Sphincter
Ring-like muscle that constricts the urethra (urine canal)
Systole
Contraction of the heart chambers
Symphysis
Immovable joint united by plate of fibrocartilage (sacral iliac symphysis; pelvis)
Valgus
Bent or twisted outward
Valgus Knee (Genu Valgum)
Knock-kneed (turned in knees); Contradictory since valgus means bent outward
Varus
Bent or twisted inward
Varus Knee (Genu Varum)
Bow-legged; Contradictory since varus means bent inward
Xenodiagnosis
Use of lab animals to diagnose a parasitic disease
Xenograft
Transplant of tissue from one species to another
Aqueous Humor
Clear watery fluid in the front chamber of the eye
Biliary
Relating to bile production and excretion
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gall bladder
Chylomicron
Fat globule transported in blood or lymphatic fluid (turbid white or yellow “juice”)
Chylothorax
Accumulation of chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the chest
Coprophagy
Habit of eating excrement
Coprophagous
Feeding on excrement
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the tear gland
Eleotherapy
Treatment internally or externally with oil
Fecal
Referring to digestive waste
Fecalith
Firm mass of digestive waste
Galactorrhea
Flow of milk
Galactose
Milk sugar
Cholecystagogue
Agent that causes gall bladder contraction
Hemocyte
Blood cell in vertebrates
Hidrosis
Sweating
Hidradenitis
Inflammation of sweat gland
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of fluid in the brain
Hygroma
Cystic swelling containing watery fluid
Hygroscopic
Retaining moisture
Lactose
Milk sugar
Lactation
Process of producing milk
Lymphocyte
Primary cell in lymph (watery circulating body fluid)
Lymphedema
Swelling of tissues due to obstruction of lymph channels
Mucous
Relating to a slimy substance
Mucosa
Mucous membrane
Myxedema
Firm swelling caused by accumulating slimy material between cells (mucopolysaccharides)
Myxomatosis
Disease of rabbits caused by pox virus characterized by tumors of slimy material
Plasmacytoma
Tumor of plasma cells, producer of plasma (clotting protein containing fluid of body)
Plasmin
Enzyme in plasma that digests clots
Pyoderma
Skin disease caused by pus in the skin
Pyometra
Pus collection in the uterus
Rhinorrhea
Runny nose
Diarrhea
Frequent and excessive evacuation of watery feces
Sanguineous
Relating to loss of blood
Serum
Resulting fluid of blood after clot forms
Serosanguineous
Fluid with aspects of both serum and blood caused by a disease
Sialocele
Cyst containing saliva (also called a ranula)
Sialoadenitis
Inflammation of a salivary gland
Stercorous
Relating to excrement
Sudoriferous
Producing sweat
Acetabulum
Wine glass-like socket of the hip joint
Acetaminophen
Pain reliever that contains an acetyl group, related to acetic acid (vinegar)
Adipose
Fat tissue
Albuminuria
Protein in urine related to egg white protein
Amygdaloid
Almond-shaped group of nerve cells in primitive part of brain
Amyloid
Protein combined with a starch
Amylase
Enzyme that breaks down starch
Casein
Milk protein found in cheese
Caseous
Dying tissue that begins to look like cheese (common with tuberculosis)
Creatine
Compound formed for energy storage in muscle
Creatinine
Waste product of protein metabolism excreted in urine
Galactostasis
No flow of milk
Farinaceous
Consisting of starch
Glycogenolytic
Something that breaks up the sugar links in glycogen
Hordeolum
Barleycorn-like swelling of the upper eyelid caused by plugged eyelid gland
Hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium in the blood
Hypokalemia
Insufficient potassium in the blood
Lecithin
Nutrient (phospholipid) from egg yolk (also found in the protective lining of nerves, myelin)
Lipoma
Tumor of fat tissue
Liposuction
Removal of excess fat by a needle and suction
Hypernatremia
Excess sodium in the blood
Natriuresis
Loss of sodium in urine
Nutrient
Food for the body
Nutritious
Providing energy and building substances for the body
Phagocyte
Cell that engulfs (eats) invaders or debris to be removed from the body
Pica
Desire to eat things that are unfit for food
Pimelorthopnea
To fat to breath laying down
Placenta
Large flat membrane that nourishes the young in the uterus
Placental
Referring to the placenta
Proteolytic
Something that breaks down proteins
Saccharine
Relating to sweetness
Sebaceous
Relating to an oily/fatty secretion of skin oil glands
Seborrhea
Skin disease characterized by excessive oiliness
Siderocyte
Red blood cell containing granules of free iron
Steatitis
Inflammation of fat
Steatorrhea
Greasy, watery feces
Synovial
Referring to an egg white surface of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae
Synovitis
Inflammation of synovial membranes
Tyrosine
Amino acid from cheese, breakdown product of casien
Tyrophagus
Species of mites, name means “cheese eater”
Vitelline
Pertaining to the yolk of eggs or an embryo’s yolk
Neuralgia
Pain from nerve fibers
Proctalgia
Pain from anus or rectum
Dolorimetry
Measurement of pain
Colic
Acute abdominal pain
Nociceptor
Pain receptor of nerves
Pleurodynia
Pain from the muscles between ribs
Mastodynia
Pain in the breast
Ponograph
Instrument to measure pain in contracting muscle
Hyperesthesia
Abnormal increase in sensitivity or feeling
Excoriation
Scratches or abrasions of the skin
Libido
Sexual desire
Misogyny
Hatred of women
Nausea
Feeling of sickness in stomach leading to vomiting
Palliative
Affording relief but not a cure
Photophobia
Fear of light/Sensitive to light
Hydrophobia
Fear of water (considered sign of rabies)
Placebo
Inactive (dummy, control) medical treatment
Placebo Effect
Perceived beneficial effect caused by expectation of treatment rather than treatment itself. As much as 30% of people report effects of placebo drugs
Satiaty
Full gratification of appetite or thirst
Dysthemia
Depression
Androgen
Substance that promotes masculinization
Anthropomorphism
Attributing human form or characteristics to non-humans
Anthropology
Study of the origins of humans
Atavism
Acquiring a genetic trait from a remote ancestor
Endemic
Disease prevalant in a particular location
Epidemic
Rapidly spreading disease of humans in the same area, at the same time
Epizootic
Animal epidemic
Pandemic
World-wide human disease outbreak
Gamete
Sperm or ova
Gametogenesis
Production of sperm or ova
Genetics
Study of heredity
Genodermatosis
Genetic origin (inherited) skin disease
Gynecomastia
Woman-like development of breast tissue in a man
Parthenogenesis
Virgin born, not resulting from a mating
Phylum
Primary division in the animal kingdom
Presbyopia
Aging change in eye accommodation, far-sighted
Puberty
Time of adult sex characteristics and reproduction
Puerperal
Pertaining to the mother of a newborn
Allokinesis
Involuntary movement (reflex or passive)
Allele
One of a matched pair of genes at like locations on a chromosome with the same function
Allelotaxis
Development of an organ from tissues of different origin (ex: adrenal gland)
Anomaly
Deviation from the normal
Anomalous
Deviating from a general rule
Autogenous
Originating from the same individual that receives it (ex: tissue graft or vaccine)
Autoimmune
Immune system becomes sensitized against its own tissue
Idiopathic
Relating to an illness with unknown cause (literally “self produced sickness” but this is not how the term is used)
Idiosyncracy
Structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual
Nomenclature
Classification of names
Proprioception
Sensing stimuli (position or movement) from one’s own body
Comatose
Unconsciousness when patient cannot be aroused
Hypnosis
Sleep-like condition with heightened suggestibility
Hypnotic
Inducing sleep
Carotid
Principal artery of the neck (compression of both causes loss of consciousness)
Narcosis
Reversible depression and insensitivity
Narcotic
Agent that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor
REM
Rapid eye movement
Somnolence
Excessive drowsiness or sleepiness
Soporific
Causing profound sleep
Stupor
Reduced or suspended sensibility, numbness
Lipase
Fat enzyme, breaks down fat
Arthritis
Inflammation of a joint
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Lipolysis
Breaking down fat
Bilirubin
Pigment produced by the liver processing red blood cell breakdown products
Cholelith
Gall stone
Hemolysis
Braking up of red blood cells
Sputum
Spit
Glycogen
Sugar molecules linked together
Dysphagia
Difficulty eating
Enzyme
Any protein that catalyzes chemical reactions without being destroyed or altered (as in yeast fermenting starches)
Angina
Spasmodic, choking type of pain (angina pectoris is a pain from lack of blood to the heart
Analgesia
Blocking pain perception without altering consciousness
Anesthesia
Lack of sensation or feeling
Gynecology
Study of diseases of women’s genital tract
Allograft
Transplant from donor of same species, but of different genetic makeup
Ideology
Study of the development of ideas
Lethargy
Drowsy behavior
Logoplegia
Paralysis of the speech organs (literally “paralysis of thought”)
Megalomania
Unreasonable conviction of one’s own greatness
Kleptomania
Obsessive desire to steal
Amnesia
Loss of memory
Anamnesis
Patient’s memory of medical history (literally “not a loss of memory”)
Paranoia
Delusions of persecution
Aphonia
No voice
Dysphonia
Abnormal sounding voice
Sedation
Act of calming
Ablate
Separate or detach
Abrade
Rub away an outer layer
Abscess
Localized collection of pus
Acupuncture
Insertion of needles
Amputation
Removal of a limb or appendage
Ballistics
Study of projectiles
Anabolism
Building phase of metabolism
Catabolism
Breaking down to release energy
Bruxism
Involuntary grinding of teeth
Cathartic
Causing emptying of the bowels
Receptor
Cell of nerve ending that responds to sensations
Incipient
Beginning to exist or appear
Osteoclasis
Surgical breaking of a bone
Hypodermoclysis
Injection of fluids beneath the skin
Diabetes
Passing through in the urine (sugar and/or water)
Diathermy
Generating local body heat by passing electromagnetic, electric, and ultrasonic waves through the area
Decussate
To cross from one side to the other
Dehiscence
Splitting open
Dessicant
Causing to dry up
Dilation
Expand wider, open wider
Dissection
Act of cutting apart
Dynamogenesis
Development of energy in muscles or nerves
Thyroidectomy
Removal of the thyroid
Hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus
Ergonomics
Study of efficient use of human effort
Abortifacient
Causing abortion
Efferent
Carrying away from the center
Afferent
Carrying toward the center
Fracture
Breaking, usually of a bone
Vermifuge
Dewormer
Gelatin
Water soluble, glutinous protein produced from boiling skin, bone, hooves, and connective tissue of animals
Gelatinous
Like jelly, viscous
Electrocardiogram
Recording the voltages of the beating heart
Injection
Forcing a liquid into the body
Luxation
Dislocation
Autolysis
Self-destruction by enzymes present in the body
Oscilloscope
Instrument that makes an image on a monitor by swinging beam shining on a fluorescent screen
Palpate
Examine by touch with the hand
Repellent
Able to drive away
Propellant
Something that provides thrust or driving power
Percussion
Tapping to access sounds produced
Neutrophilia
Increase in the number of white blood cells (typically of infection)
Hemophilia
Male-linked, inherited clotting deficiencies
Phlegmon
Acute, severe infection with inflammation beneath the skin
Phlogistic
Causing inflammation
Physocele
Tumor filled with gas
Pinocytosis
Taking in of fluid into cell’s cytoplasm
Anaplasia
Reversion of cells to an immature form (common of neoplasia, ie cancer)
Rhinoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the nose
Plessimeter
Small thin plate to receive the blow from a plexor (rubber hammer) for percussion (also called a pleximeter)
Plessesthesia
Thumping the fingers while palpating
Potable
Fit to drink
Apraxia
Incoordination without impairment of sensory or motor function (caused by a problem in the higher levels of the brain)
Resuscitation
Act of attempting to revive a patient
Gastrorrhaphy
Suturing operation on the stomach
Cystorrhaphy
Suturing operation on the urinary bladder
Bronchoscopy
Looking at the inside of the bronchi (lower windpipes)
Colonoscopy
Looking at the inside of the colon
Prescription
Written instructions for future care
Sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure meter
Peristalsis
Movement of the intestines or other tubular organs
Protraction
Drawing out or lengthening
Retract
Pulling back or in
Triage
Sorting out the casualties of disasters
Angiotribe
Surgical forceps for crushing arteries
Lithotripsy
Crushing a urinary or gall stone
Vector
Carrier of an infective agent from one host to another
Avulsion
Ripping or tearing apart
Convulsion
Intense, incoordinated, involuntary muscular contraction (“To pull together” - true of primates)
Agglutinate
Glue together
Barium
Heavy metal used for contrast studies with radiography (x-ray)
Baroreceptor
Monitor tissue for blood pressure
Callus
Hard thickening of the skin or bone
Callous
To become hardened
Cerumen
Earwax
Ceruminolytic
Agent that dissolves earwax
Colloid
Jelly-like mixture of particles in a liquid medium
Collodion
Nitrocellulose solution in ether or alcohol (drug solvent or wound sealant)
Crystalluria
Crystals in the urine
Indurated
Made hard
Eburnation
To make hard and dense like ivory
Glioma
Brain tumor composed of neuroglia cells
Neuroglia
Cells that support and insulate nerve cells
Gluten
Tough viscous material left after wheat is washed to remove starch
Hyalosis
Degenerative change in the vitreous humor
Inspissated
Become thicker as if with dehydration
Leptospirosis
Slender spiral bacteria that causes inflammation of the kidney
Leptomeningitis
Inflammation of the pia mater or arachnoid membrane of the meninges surrounding the brain or spinal cord
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone
Emollient
Soothing (feels soft) agent
Oleoresin
Oily plant sap that may cause contact allergy (ex: capsiacin from peppers used as a liniment)
Pachyderm
“Thick skin”
Pachymeningitis
Inflammation of the dura mater of the meninges
Petrous
Pertaining to the hard part of the temporal bone
Petrosal
Referring to the petrous temporal bone
Osteoporosis
Demineralization of bone
Scirrhous
Firm and fibrous
Sclera
Dense white outer covering of most of the eye
Spongiosis
Edema of the spongy layer of the skin
Cholesterol
Solid alcohol first discovered in gall stones
Stereoscopic
Pertaining to 3-dimensional vision
Viscous
Sticky, thick, and resistant to flow
Viscosity
Measuring the resistance of flow
Cholagogue
Stimulating the flow of bile
Thoracocentesis
Placing a needle into the chest to collect a fluid sample
Abdominocentesis
Placing a needle into the abdomen to collect a fluid sample
Arthrodesis
Surgical fusion of a joint
Centrifuge
Spinning instrument to separate components of a liquid by specific gravity
Pathogenesis
Act of producing sickness
Homogenesis
Reproduction which results in offspring that resemble their parents
Cachexia
Generally ill health and malnutrition (literally “bad habit”)
Hormone
Chemical signal sent from one organ to another via the blood stream
Organ
Differentiated tissue with a specific function
Organogenesis
Development process of an organ
Colostomy
Creating an opening from the colon to the surface of the body
Gastrotomy
Incision into the stomach
Cystotomy
Incision into the urinary bladder
Anatomy
Dissection of the body to study its structure
Dysplasia
Abnormal development
Aplasia
Failure to develop
Cystoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the urinary bladder
Hematopoiesis
Making red blood cells
Dura Mater
Tough, fibrous outer coat of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord