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Biomedical Terminology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ampulla

A

Sac-like dilation of a canal or duct

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2
Q

Ampule

A

Small sealed glass of fluid for injection

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of excessive fluid in the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

Bursa

A

Fibrous sac between tendon and bone or tendon and ligaments lined by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid

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5
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

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6
Q

Calyces

A

Cup-like collection area for the urine in the inner part of the kidneys

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7
Q

Capsule

A

Fibrous sheath that encloses an organ

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8
Q

Capsulotomy

A

Cutting into a capsule (of the lens of the eye)

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9
Q

Cisterna Magna

A

Large area of cerebrospinal fluid collection between the cerebellum and the medulla

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10
Q

Cremaster Muscle

A

Muscle that helps suspend the testicles and can pull them up toward the abdomen

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11
Q

Follicle

A

Invagination of the skin’s surface that generates hair shafts; Cavity in the ovaries that nourishes an egg (ovum)

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12
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap; Shallow dish-shaped sesamoid bone

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13
Q

Pelvis

A

Basin-shaped group of bones that forms the hips

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14
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney with an accumulation of pus in the “basin” i.e. calyces

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15
Q

Pyelography

A

Injection of a dye for x-ray exam of the kidney calyces

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16
Q

Saccule

A

Small pouch or cavity

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17
Q

Sacculation

A

Act of forming small cavities

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18
Q

Thecal

A

Referring to a sheath or case (often refers to a tissue case for ovarian follicles)

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19
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Canal for semen going away from the testes

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20
Q

Vascular

A

Pertaining to blood vessels

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21
Q

Coitus

A

Sexual Connection between male and female

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22
Q

Commisure

A

Site of union of corresponding parts (corners of mouth and eyelids)

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23
Q

Concentric

A

Having a common center (various sized overlapping rings with same center)

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24
Q

Endocrine

A

Secreting blood-bourne messages to other organs

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25
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of blood components in relation to total volume of a blood sample that has been separated by centrifugation

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26
Q

Desmoid

A

Fibrous like a ligament

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27
Q

Desmorrhexis

A

Rupture of a ligament

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28
Q

Enantiobiosis

A

Two organisms that live together but antagonize each other’s development

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29
Q

Fissure

A

Deep cleft

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30
Q

Fission

A

Asexual reproduction when a cell divides into daughter cells

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31
Q

Hapten

A

Substance that fastens to a small protein to form a complex that can trigger an allergic reaction

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32
Q

Ligature

A

String, rubber band, or wire for surgical tying

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33
Q

Ligament

A

Sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bone at a joint or supporting an organ

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34
Q

Centripetal

A

Seeking the center

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35
Q

Gastropexy

A

Fastening the stomach to the abdominal wall

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36
Q

Hysteropexy

A

Fastening the uterus to the abdominal wall or vagina

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37
Q

Schistosomiasis

A

Blood fluke parasite; Male has a groove down the length of his body to hold the female when mating

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38
Q

Schistocyte

A

Sliced red blood cell

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39
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Split personality

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40
Q

Schizonychia

A

Splitting of fingernails or townails

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41
Q

Anal Sphincter

A

Ring-like muscle that constricts the anus

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42
Q

Urethral Sphincter

A

Ring-like muscle that constricts the urethra (urine canal)

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43
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart chambers

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44
Q

Symphysis

A

Immovable joint united by plate of fibrocartilage (sacral iliac symphysis; pelvis)

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45
Q

Valgus

A

Bent or twisted outward

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46
Q

Valgus Knee (Genu Valgum)

A

Knock-kneed (turned in knees); Contradictory since valgus means bent outward

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47
Q

Varus

A

Bent or twisted inward

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48
Q

Varus Knee (Genu Varum)

A

Bow-legged; Contradictory since varus means bent inward

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49
Q

Xenodiagnosis

A

Use of lab animals to diagnose a parasitic disease

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50
Q

Xenograft

A

Transplant of tissue from one species to another

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51
Q

Aqueous Humor

A

Clear watery fluid in the front chamber of the eye

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52
Q

Biliary

A

Relating to bile production and excretion

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53
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder

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54
Q

Chylomicron

A

Fat globule transported in blood or lymphatic fluid (turbid white or yellow “juice”)

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55
Q

Chylothorax

A

Accumulation of chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the chest

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56
Q

Coprophagy

A

Habit of eating excrement

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57
Q

Coprophagous

A

Feeding on excrement

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58
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of the tear gland

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59
Q

Eleotherapy

A

Treatment internally or externally with oil

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60
Q

Fecal

A

Referring to digestive waste

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61
Q

Fecalith

A

Firm mass of digestive waste

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62
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Flow of milk

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63
Q

Galactose

A

Milk sugar

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64
Q

Cholecystagogue

A

Agent that causes gall bladder contraction

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65
Q

Hemocyte

A

Blood cell in vertebrates

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66
Q

Hidrosis

A

Sweating

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67
Q

Hidradenitis

A

Inflammation of sweat gland

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68
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of fluid in the brain

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69
Q

Hygroma

A

Cystic swelling containing watery fluid

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70
Q

Hygroscopic

A

Retaining moisture

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71
Q

Lactose

A

Milk sugar

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72
Q

Lactation

A

Process of producing milk

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73
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Primary cell in lymph (watery circulating body fluid)

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74
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of tissues due to obstruction of lymph channels

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75
Q

Mucous

A

Relating to a slimy substance

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76
Q

Mucosa

A

Mucous membrane

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77
Q

Myxedema

A

Firm swelling caused by accumulating slimy material between cells (mucopolysaccharides)

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78
Q

Myxomatosis

A

Disease of rabbits caused by pox virus characterized by tumors of slimy material

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79
Q

Plasmacytoma

A

Tumor of plasma cells, producer of plasma (clotting protein containing fluid of body)

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80
Q

Plasmin

A

Enzyme in plasma that digests clots

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81
Q

Pyoderma

A

Skin disease caused by pus in the skin

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82
Q

Pyometra

A

Pus collection in the uterus

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83
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny nose

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84
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent and excessive evacuation of watery feces

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85
Q

Sanguineous

A

Relating to loss of blood

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86
Q

Serum

A

Resulting fluid of blood after clot forms

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87
Q

Serosanguineous

A

Fluid with aspects of both serum and blood caused by a disease

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88
Q

Sialocele

A

Cyst containing saliva (also called a ranula)

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89
Q

Sialoadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary gland

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90
Q

Stercorous

A

Relating to excrement

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91
Q

Sudoriferous

A

Producing sweat

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92
Q

Acetabulum

A

Wine glass-like socket of the hip joint

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93
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Pain reliever that contains an acetyl group, related to acetic acid (vinegar)

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94
Q

Adipose

A

Fat tissue

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95
Q

Albuminuria

A

Protein in urine related to egg white protein

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96
Q

Amygdaloid

A

Almond-shaped group of nerve cells in primitive part of brain

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97
Q

Amyloid

A

Protein combined with a starch

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98
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that breaks down starch

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99
Q

Casein

A

Milk protein found in cheese

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100
Q

Caseous

A

Dying tissue that begins to look like cheese (common with tuberculosis)

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101
Q

Creatine

A

Compound formed for energy storage in muscle

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102
Q

Creatinine

A

Waste product of protein metabolism excreted in urine

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103
Q

Galactostasis

A

No flow of milk

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104
Q

Farinaceous

A

Consisting of starch

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105
Q

Glycogenolytic

A

Something that breaks up the sugar links in glycogen

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106
Q

Hordeolum

A

Barleycorn-like swelling of the upper eyelid caused by plugged eyelid gland

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107
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excessive potassium in the blood

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108
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Insufficient potassium in the blood

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109
Q

Lecithin

A

Nutrient (phospholipid) from egg yolk (also found in the protective lining of nerves, myelin)

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110
Q

Lipoma

A

Tumor of fat tissue

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111
Q

Liposuction

A

Removal of excess fat by a needle and suction

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112
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Excess sodium in the blood

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113
Q

Natriuresis

A

Loss of sodium in urine

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114
Q

Nutrient

A

Food for the body

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115
Q

Nutritious

A

Providing energy and building substances for the body

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116
Q

Phagocyte

A

Cell that engulfs (eats) invaders or debris to be removed from the body

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117
Q

Pica

A

Desire to eat things that are unfit for food

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118
Q

Pimelorthopnea

A

To fat to breath laying down

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119
Q

Placenta

A

Large flat membrane that nourishes the young in the uterus

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120
Q

Placental

A

Referring to the placenta

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121
Q

Proteolytic

A

Something that breaks down proteins

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122
Q

Saccharine

A

Relating to sweetness

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123
Q

Sebaceous

A

Relating to an oily/fatty secretion of skin oil glands

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124
Q

Seborrhea

A

Skin disease characterized by excessive oiliness

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125
Q

Siderocyte

A

Red blood cell containing granules of free iron

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126
Q

Steatitis

A

Inflammation of fat

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127
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Greasy, watery feces

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128
Q

Synovial

A

Referring to an egg white surface of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae

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129
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of synovial membranes

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130
Q

Tyrosine

A

Amino acid from cheese, breakdown product of casien

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131
Q

Tyrophagus

A

Species of mites, name means “cheese eater”

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132
Q

Vitelline

A

Pertaining to the yolk of eggs or an embryo’s yolk

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133
Q

Neuralgia

A

Pain from nerve fibers

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134
Q

Proctalgia

A

Pain from anus or rectum

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135
Q

Dolorimetry

A

Measurement of pain

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136
Q

Colic

A

Acute abdominal pain

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137
Q

Nociceptor

A

Pain receptor of nerves

138
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pain from the muscles between ribs

139
Q

Mastodynia

A

Pain in the breast

140
Q

Ponograph

A

Instrument to measure pain in contracting muscle

141
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Abnormal increase in sensitivity or feeling

142
Q

Excoriation

A

Scratches or abrasions of the skin

143
Q

Libido

A

Sexual desire

144
Q

Misogyny

A

Hatred of women

145
Q

Nausea

A

Feeling of sickness in stomach leading to vomiting

146
Q

Palliative

A

Affording relief but not a cure

147
Q

Photophobia

A

Fear of light/Sensitive to light

148
Q

Hydrophobia

A

Fear of water (considered sign of rabies)

149
Q

Placebo

A

Inactive (dummy, control) medical treatment

150
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Perceived beneficial effect caused by expectation of treatment rather than treatment itself. As much as 30% of people report effects of placebo drugs

151
Q

Satiaty

A

Full gratification of appetite or thirst

152
Q

Dysthemia

A

Depression

153
Q

Androgen

A

Substance that promotes masculinization

154
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Attributing human form or characteristics to non-humans

155
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of the origins of humans

156
Q

Atavism

A

Acquiring a genetic trait from a remote ancestor

157
Q

Endemic

A

Disease prevalant in a particular location

158
Q

Epidemic

A

Rapidly spreading disease of humans in the same area, at the same time

159
Q

Epizootic

A

Animal epidemic

160
Q

Pandemic

A

World-wide human disease outbreak

161
Q

Gamete

A

Sperm or ova

162
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Production of sperm or ova

163
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity

164
Q

Genodermatosis

A

Genetic origin (inherited) skin disease

165
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Woman-like development of breast tissue in a man

166
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Virgin born, not resulting from a mating

167
Q

Phylum

A

Primary division in the animal kingdom

168
Q

Presbyopia

A

Aging change in eye accommodation, far-sighted

169
Q

Puberty

A

Time of adult sex characteristics and reproduction

170
Q

Puerperal

A

Pertaining to the mother of a newborn

171
Q

Allokinesis

A

Involuntary movement (reflex or passive)

172
Q

Allele

A

One of a matched pair of genes at like locations on a chromosome with the same function

173
Q

Allelotaxis

A

Development of an organ from tissues of different origin (ex: adrenal gland)

174
Q

Anomaly

A

Deviation from the normal

175
Q

Anomalous

A

Deviating from a general rule

176
Q

Autogenous

A

Originating from the same individual that receives it (ex: tissue graft or vaccine)

177
Q

Autoimmune

A

Immune system becomes sensitized against its own tissue

178
Q

Idiopathic

A

Relating to an illness with unknown cause (literally “self produced sickness” but this is not how the term is used)

179
Q

Idiosyncracy

A

Structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual

180
Q

Nomenclature

A

Classification of names

181
Q

Proprioception

A

Sensing stimuli (position or movement) from one’s own body

182
Q

Comatose

A

Unconsciousness when patient cannot be aroused

183
Q

Hypnosis

A

Sleep-like condition with heightened suggestibility

184
Q

Hypnotic

A

Inducing sleep

185
Q

Carotid

A

Principal artery of the neck (compression of both causes loss of consciousness)

186
Q

Narcosis

A

Reversible depression and insensitivity

187
Q

Narcotic

A

Agent that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor

188
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement

189
Q

Somnolence

A

Excessive drowsiness or sleepiness

190
Q

Soporific

A

Causing profound sleep

191
Q

Stupor

A

Reduced or suspended sensibility, numbness

192
Q

Lipase

A

Fat enzyme, breaks down fat

193
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of a joint

194
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain

195
Q

Lipolysis

A

Breaking down fat

196
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment produced by the liver processing red blood cell breakdown products

197
Q

Cholelith

A

Gall stone

198
Q

Hemolysis

A

Braking up of red blood cells

199
Q

Sputum

A

Spit

200
Q

Glycogen

A

Sugar molecules linked together

201
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty eating

202
Q

Enzyme

A

Any protein that catalyzes chemical reactions without being destroyed or altered (as in yeast fermenting starches)

203
Q

Angina

A

Spasmodic, choking type of pain (angina pectoris is a pain from lack of blood to the heart

204
Q

Analgesia

A

Blocking pain perception without altering consciousness

205
Q

Anesthesia

A

Lack of sensation or feeling

206
Q

Gynecology

A

Study of diseases of women’s genital tract

207
Q

Allograft

A

Transplant from donor of same species, but of different genetic makeup

208
Q

Ideology

A

Study of the development of ideas

209
Q

Lethargy

A

Drowsy behavior

210
Q

Logoplegia

A

Paralysis of the speech organs (literally “paralysis of thought”)

211
Q

Megalomania

A

Unreasonable conviction of one’s own greatness

212
Q

Kleptomania

A

Obsessive desire to steal

213
Q

Amnesia

A

Loss of memory

214
Q

Anamnesis

A

Patient’s memory of medical history (literally “not a loss of memory”)

215
Q

Paranoia

A

Delusions of persecution

216
Q

Aphonia

A

No voice

217
Q

Dysphonia

A

Abnormal sounding voice

218
Q

Sedation

A

Act of calming

219
Q

Ablate

A

Separate or detach

220
Q

Abrade

A

Rub away an outer layer

221
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus

222
Q

Acupuncture

A

Insertion of needles

223
Q

Amputation

A

Removal of a limb or appendage

224
Q

Ballistics

A

Study of projectiles

225
Q

Anabolism

A

Building phase of metabolism

226
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down to release energy

227
Q

Bruxism

A

Involuntary grinding of teeth

228
Q

Cathartic

A

Causing emptying of the bowels

229
Q

Receptor

A

Cell of nerve ending that responds to sensations

230
Q

Incipient

A

Beginning to exist or appear

231
Q

Osteoclasis

A

Surgical breaking of a bone

232
Q

Hypodermoclysis

A

Injection of fluids beneath the skin

233
Q

Diabetes

A

Passing through in the urine (sugar and/or water)

234
Q

Diathermy

A

Generating local body heat by passing electromagnetic, electric, and ultrasonic waves through the area

235
Q

Decussate

A

To cross from one side to the other

236
Q

Dehiscence

A

Splitting open

237
Q

Dessicant

A

Causing to dry up

238
Q

Dilation

A

Expand wider, open wider

239
Q

Dissection

A

Act of cutting apart

240
Q

Dynamogenesis

A

Development of energy in muscles or nerves

241
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Removal of the thyroid

242
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus

243
Q

Ergonomics

A

Study of efficient use of human effort

244
Q

Abortifacient

A

Causing abortion

245
Q

Efferent

A

Carrying away from the center

246
Q

Afferent

A

Carrying toward the center

247
Q

Fracture

A

Breaking, usually of a bone

248
Q

Vermifuge

A

Dewormer

249
Q

Gelatin

A

Water soluble, glutinous protein produced from boiling skin, bone, hooves, and connective tissue of animals

250
Q

Gelatinous

A

Like jelly, viscous

251
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Recording the voltages of the beating heart

252
Q

Injection

A

Forcing a liquid into the body

253
Q

Luxation

A

Dislocation

254
Q

Autolysis

A

Self-destruction by enzymes present in the body

255
Q

Oscilloscope

A

Instrument that makes an image on a monitor by swinging beam shining on a fluorescent screen

256
Q

Palpate

A

Examine by touch with the hand

257
Q

Repellent

A

Able to drive away

258
Q

Propellant

A

Something that provides thrust or driving power

259
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping to access sounds produced

260
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increase in the number of white blood cells (typically of infection)

261
Q

Hemophilia

A

Male-linked, inherited clotting deficiencies

262
Q

Phlegmon

A

Acute, severe infection with inflammation beneath the skin

263
Q

Phlogistic

A

Causing inflammation

264
Q

Physocele

A

Tumor filled with gas

265
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Taking in of fluid into cell’s cytoplasm

266
Q

Anaplasia

A

Reversion of cells to an immature form (common of neoplasia, ie cancer)

267
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of the nose

268
Q

Plessimeter

A

Small thin plate to receive the blow from a plexor (rubber hammer) for percussion (also called a pleximeter)

269
Q

Plessesthesia

A

Thumping the fingers while palpating

270
Q

Potable

A

Fit to drink

271
Q

Apraxia

A

Incoordination without impairment of sensory or motor function (caused by a problem in the higher levels of the brain)

272
Q

Resuscitation

A

Act of attempting to revive a patient

273
Q

Gastrorrhaphy

A

Suturing operation on the stomach

274
Q

Cystorrhaphy

A

Suturing operation on the urinary bladder

275
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Looking at the inside of the bronchi (lower windpipes)

276
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Looking at the inside of the colon

277
Q

Prescription

A

Written instructions for future care

278
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Blood pressure meter

279
Q

Peristalsis

A

Movement of the intestines or other tubular organs

280
Q

Protraction

A

Drawing out or lengthening

281
Q

Retract

A

Pulling back or in

282
Q

Triage

A

Sorting out the casualties of disasters

283
Q

Angiotribe

A

Surgical forceps for crushing arteries

284
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Crushing a urinary or gall stone

285
Q

Vector

A

Carrier of an infective agent from one host to another

286
Q

Avulsion

A

Ripping or tearing apart

287
Q

Convulsion

A

Intense, incoordinated, involuntary muscular contraction (“To pull together” - true of primates)

288
Q

Agglutinate

A

Glue together

289
Q

Barium

A

Heavy metal used for contrast studies with radiography (x-ray)

290
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Monitor tissue for blood pressure

291
Q

Callus

A

Hard thickening of the skin or bone

292
Q

Callous

A

To become hardened

293
Q

Cerumen

A

Earwax

294
Q

Ceruminolytic

A

Agent that dissolves earwax

295
Q

Colloid

A

Jelly-like mixture of particles in a liquid medium

296
Q

Collodion

A

Nitrocellulose solution in ether or alcohol (drug solvent or wound sealant)

297
Q

Crystalluria

A

Crystals in the urine

298
Q

Indurated

A

Made hard

299
Q

Eburnation

A

To make hard and dense like ivory

300
Q

Glioma

A

Brain tumor composed of neuroglia cells

301
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells that support and insulate nerve cells

302
Q

Gluten

A

Tough viscous material left after wheat is washed to remove starch

303
Q

Hyalosis

A

Degenerative change in the vitreous humor

304
Q

Inspissated

A

Become thicker as if with dehydration

305
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Slender spiral bacteria that causes inflammation of the kidney

306
Q

Leptomeningitis

A

Inflammation of the pia mater or arachnoid membrane of the meninges surrounding the brain or spinal cord

307
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone

308
Q

Emollient

A

Soothing (feels soft) agent

309
Q

Oleoresin

A

Oily plant sap that may cause contact allergy (ex: capsiacin from peppers used as a liniment)

310
Q

Pachyderm

A

“Thick skin”

311
Q

Pachymeningitis

A

Inflammation of the dura mater of the meninges

312
Q

Petrous

A

Pertaining to the hard part of the temporal bone

313
Q

Petrosal

A

Referring to the petrous temporal bone

314
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Demineralization of bone

315
Q

Scirrhous

A

Firm and fibrous

316
Q

Sclera

A

Dense white outer covering of most of the eye

317
Q

Spongiosis

A

Edema of the spongy layer of the skin

318
Q

Cholesterol

A

Solid alcohol first discovered in gall stones

319
Q

Stereoscopic

A

Pertaining to 3-dimensional vision

320
Q

Viscous

A

Sticky, thick, and resistant to flow

321
Q

Viscosity

A

Measuring the resistance of flow

322
Q

Cholagogue

A

Stimulating the flow of bile

323
Q

Thoracocentesis

A

Placing a needle into the chest to collect a fluid sample

324
Q

Abdominocentesis

A

Placing a needle into the abdomen to collect a fluid sample

325
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Surgical fusion of a joint

326
Q

Centrifuge

A

Spinning instrument to separate components of a liquid by specific gravity

327
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Act of producing sickness

328
Q

Homogenesis

A

Reproduction which results in offspring that resemble their parents

329
Q

Cachexia

A

Generally ill health and malnutrition (literally “bad habit”)

330
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical signal sent from one organ to another via the blood stream

331
Q

Organ

A

Differentiated tissue with a specific function

332
Q

Organogenesis

A

Development process of an organ

333
Q

Colostomy

A

Creating an opening from the colon to the surface of the body

334
Q

Gastrotomy

A

Incision into the stomach

335
Q

Cystotomy

A

Incision into the urinary bladder

336
Q

Anatomy

A

Dissection of the body to study its structure

337
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development

338
Q

Aplasia

A

Failure to develop

339
Q

Cystoplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of the urinary bladder

340
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Making red blood cells

341
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough, fibrous outer coat of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Biomedical Terminology (3 decks)

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