Exam 3

Question 1

Ardipithecus canine teeth

Answer 1

Non honing canine teeth, like humans, medium enamel thickness

Question 2

Where did ardi live?

Answer 2

Middle awash of Ethiopia

Question 3

What type of environment did ardi live in?

Answer 3

Gallery forest with 15,000 other species

Question 4

How did ardi walk?

Answer 4

Palmigrade

Question 5

How did the spine, pelvis, knee, and foot change?

Answer 5

The foremen magnum has shifted forward in humans

Question 6

Man the hunter

Answer 6

Frees hands to make and carry tools

Question 7

Savanna hypothesis

Answer 7

Evolved to see predators over the tall grass

Question 8

Patchy forest hypothesis

Answer 8

Forests became fewer and further apart, bipedalism is more efficient

Question 9

Postural feeding hypothesis

Answer 9

Standing up to eat fruit off of trees because habitual

Question 10

Thermoregulation hypothesis

Answer 10

Standing up reduces solar radiation exposure and increases wind exposure

Question 11

Provisioning hypothesis

Answer 11

Makes become bipedal to carry food home to females

Question 12

How do we date fossil sites?

Answer 12

Relative dating

Absolute dating

Question 13

Relative dating

Answer 13

Comparing with another, use index fossils, superposition

Question 14

Absolute dating

Answer 14

Using actual date, radiocarbon dating, half life

Question 15

Where were australopithecines found?

Answer 15

Ethiopia, east Africa, South Africa,

Question 16

Different species of Australopithecus

Answer 16

Au. Anamensis
Au. Afarensis
Au. Platyops
Au. Africanis
Au. Sediba
Au. Robustus
Au. Boisei

Question 17

Difference between robust and gracile?

Answer 17

Robust, tough (become extinct)

Gracile, delicate (evolve into homo)

Question 18

Adaptations in Australopithecus robustus diet

Answer 18

Sagittarius crest
Flaring zygomatics (cheekbone)
Big teeth

Question 19

Where did homo habilis live?

Answer 19

Eastern and Southern Africa

Question 20

What tools did homo habilis use?

Answer 20

Oldowan tools, they were the hunters

Question 21

Where were homo erectus found?

Answer 21

Outside of Africa, dmanisi

Question 22

What did homo erectus bones look like?

Answer 22

Thick skull bones, brow ridges thicker

Question 23

What type of tools did homo erectus use?

Answer 23

Acheulian tools

Question 24

Who was the first species to leave Africa?

Answer 24

Homo erectus

Question 25

Neanderthals found?

Answer 25

Europe and the Middle East

Question 26

What kind of climate did Neanderthals life in?

Answer 26

Colder climate, were short and stalky

Question 27

What kind of culture did Neanderthals have?

Answer 27

They were hunters, apex predators, buried their dead, carefully placed

Question 28

Neanderthals brain size

Answer 28

Large of larger than those of modern humans

Question 29

What were some of the cultural adaptations that happened in homo Sapiens

Answer 29

Tools, subsistence (the way people distribute food and he production)

Question 30

How did agriculture affect humans?

Answer 30

Neolithic revolution: farming, herding, sedentary life, population growth

Problems: infectious disease, malnutrition, shorter lifespan

Question 31

What did ardipithecus foot look like?

Answer 31

Abducted toe, palmigrade, uses as a grasping appendage