Exam 3 Flashcards
Ardipithecus canine teeth
Non honing canine teeth, like humans, medium enamel thickness
Where did ardi live?
Middle awash of Ethiopia
What type of environment did ardi live in?
Gallery forest with 15,000 other species
How did ardi walk?
Palmigrade
How did the spine, pelvis, knee, and foot change?
The foremen magnum has shifted forward in humans
Man the hunter
Frees hands to make and carry tools
Savanna hypothesis
Evolved to see predators over the tall grass
Patchy forest hypothesis
Forests became fewer and further apart, bipedalism is more efficient
Postural feeding hypothesis
Standing up to eat fruit off of trees because habitual
Thermoregulation hypothesis
Standing up reduces solar radiation exposure and increases wind exposure
Provisioning hypothesis
Makes become bipedal to carry food home to females
How do we date fossil sites?
Relative dating
Absolute dating
Relative dating
Comparing with another, use index fossils, superposition
Absolute dating
Using actual date, radiocarbon dating, half life
Where were australopithecines found?
Ethiopia, east Africa, South Africa,
Different species of Australopithecus
Au. Anamensis Au. Afarensis Au. Platyops Au. Africanis Au. Sediba Au. Robustus Au. Boisei
Difference between robust and gracile?
Robust, tough (become extinct)
Gracile, delicate (evolve into homo)
Adaptations in Australopithecus robustus diet
Sagittarius crest
Flaring zygomatics (cheekbone)
Big teeth
Where did homo habilis live?
Eastern and Southern Africa
What tools did homo habilis use?
Oldowan tools, they were the hunters
Where were homo erectus found?
Outside of Africa, dmanisi
What did homo erectus bones look like?
Thick skull bones, brow ridges thicker
What type of tools did homo erectus use?
Acheulian tools
Who was the first species to leave Africa?
Homo erectus
Neanderthals found?
Europe and the Middle East
What kind of climate did Neanderthals life in?
Colder climate, were short and stalky
What kind of culture did Neanderthals have?
They were hunters, apex predators, buried their dead, carefully placed
Neanderthals brain size
Large of larger than those of modern humans
What were some of the cultural adaptations that happened in homo Sapiens
Tools, subsistence (the way people distribute food and he production)
How did agriculture affect humans?
Neolithic revolution: farming, herding, sedentary life, population growth
Problems: infectious disease, malnutrition, shorter lifespan
What did ardipithecus foot look like?
Abducted toe, palmigrade, uses as a grasping appendage
