Exam 3 Flashcards by KJ Clark

Transverse humeral ligament

Holds biceps tendon in place

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Coracoacromial ligament

Holds scapula to scapula

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Impingement syndrome

Inflammation of the tondons that run underneath the acromion (below the acromial arch) and insert on humerus.
Pain with movement

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Rotator cuff SITS

Sits on top of humerus
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatus 
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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Glenoid labrum

A cartilage lip around the edge of the glenoid
Injuries:
Bankhart lesion (part gets knocked off)

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Dislocation of shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Most common direction:
Anterior
Anterior/inferior

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Rotator cuff tear

Usually occurs in older people due to injury

Or can sometimes be preceded by overuse

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Mallet finger

Tendon of the extensor digitorum is avulsed from the insertion at the distal phalanx. Patient will be unable to extend distal phalanx

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Boutonnière deformity

Injury to PIP joint. Damage to central slip. Lateral bands fall to the side and bowstring

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Carpal tunnel

Overuse injury that involved irritation of median nerve. Often caused by inflammation of flexor tendons

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AC joint sprain

Sprain at the articulation of the clavicle and acromion of scapula. Often referred to as a separation of shoulder

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Epicondylitis

Inflammation injury of the muscle groups that originate at the epicondyles of humerus

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Medial epicondylitis

Golfers elbow

Inflammation at the origin of the muscles that flex the wrist

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Lateral epicondylitis

Tennis elbow
Inflammation of the muscles that extend the wrist
(The jerk off muscles)

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Little leaguers elbow

Pressure or tension on the medial epicondyle that can lead to avulsion of the medial epicondyle

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Colles fracture

Fracture to distal radius that pushes wrist back over fracture and creates a silver fork deformity

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Bones of hand starting with lateral proximal thumb and going from lateral to medial

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Ha mate

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Boxers fracture

Fracture is common to the 4th and 5th metacarpal

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Bennetts fracture

Fracture at the base of the first metacarpal.

May cause thumb to appear shorter when compared with opposite side

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Jersey finger

Unable to flex distal phalanx

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Elbow dislocation

Most common with FOOSH and hyper extension. Olecranon of the ulna is pushed posterior to its articulation

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Concussion

A collection of signs and symptoms
Immediate and transient impairment of neural function
Coup injury- hit directly by an object
Contrecoup- fall and hit the floor

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MTBI

Emotional changes

Amnesia

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Traumatic brain injury

Cerebral edema
-subdural hematoma (increased pressure in the skull)

Intracranial bleeding
-epidural hematoma
- damage to meninges like artery
Life threatening injury
Bleeding in skull that pushes brain downward

Subdural hematoma

Bleeding occurs in subdural space

Hyphema

Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

Epistaxis

Nose bleed

Shoulder joint

Glenohumeral joint

Vertebral numbers

C- 7 Thoracic- 12 Lumbar- 5

Lordosis

Curvature in cervical and lumbar spine

Kyphosis

Thoracic curvature

Flexion of cervical spine

Chin to chest movement

Cervical spine fracture

C1-c3 are catastrophic due to respiratory function control of brain stem

Spinal stenosis

Narrowing of spinal canal

Psoas muscle

Flexes hip and also flexes trunk

Spondylolysis

Defect of neural arch MOI- repetitive hype reflexion (arching of back) Stress reaction Lumbar vertebrae

Spondylolisthesis

Complete fracture with forward displacement of vertebrae

Disc herniation

Pain with flexion | Disc protrudes and puts pressure on nerve

Atlas

Axis

Second impact syndrome

A loss of autoregulation that allows for rapid swelling and herniation of the brain. Occurs when a second head injury is sustained before a previous head injury has resolved

Otorrhea

Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears

Rhinorrhea

Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from nose. Or a runny nose

Battle sign

Discoloration behind ear; may be sign of head injury

Blow out fracture

Orbital fracture that occurs when bones that support the eye are fractured due to direct blow to orbital rim

Orbital hematoma

Black eye

Auricular hematoma

Cauliflower ear

Luxation (tooth)

A tooth has come loose or has been forced to an abnormal position

Avulsion (tooth)

Tooth has been knocked completely out of the socket

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the tissue that lines the eyelid and covers the eyeball

Hyphema

Collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye

Piriformis syndrome

Tightness of the piriformis muscle group as it passes over the sciatic nerve causing sciatica

Cranial nerves

Twelve paired nerves that arise from the brain that transmit sensory and motor impulses

Cerebellum

Largest portion of posterior brain; responsible for muscle tone, balance, and smooth coordinated movement.

Brainstem

Continuous with spinal column; | Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and parts of the hypothalamus

Meninges

Layers of membrane that surround and protect the brain: | Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Intervertebral discs

Viscous inner region is called the nucleus pulposus | Fibrous outer edge is called annulus fibrosus

Facet joints

An articulation of the facets between each contiguous part of the vertebrae in the spinal column