Exam 3 Flashcards
Transverse humeral ligament
Holds biceps tendon in place
Coracoacromial ligament
Holds scapula to scapula
Impingement syndrome
Inflammation of the tondons that run underneath the acromion (below the acromial arch) and insert on humerus.
Pain with movement
Rotator cuff SITS
Sits on top of humerus Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
Glenoid labrum
A cartilage lip around the edge of the glenoid
Injuries:
Bankhart lesion (part gets knocked off)
Dislocation of shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Most common direction:
Anterior
Anterior/inferior
Rotator cuff tear
Usually occurs in older people due to injury
Or can sometimes be preceded by overuse
Mallet finger
Tendon of the extensor digitorum is avulsed from the insertion at the distal phalanx. Patient will be unable to extend distal phalanx
Boutonnière deformity
Injury to PIP joint. Damage to central slip. Lateral bands fall to the side and bowstring
Carpal tunnel
Overuse injury that involved irritation of median nerve. Often caused by inflammation of flexor tendons
AC joint sprain
Sprain at the articulation of the clavicle and acromion of scapula. Often referred to as a separation of shoulder
Epicondylitis
Inflammation injury of the muscle groups that originate at the epicondyles of humerus
Medial epicondylitis
Golfers elbow
Inflammation at the origin of the muscles that flex the wrist
Lateral epicondylitis
Tennis elbow
Inflammation of the muscles that extend the wrist
(The jerk off muscles)
Little leaguers elbow
Pressure or tension on the medial epicondyle that can lead to avulsion of the medial epicondyle
Colles fracture
Fracture to distal radius that pushes wrist back over fracture and creates a silver fork deformity
Bones of hand starting with lateral proximal thumb and going from lateral to medial
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Ha mate
Boxers fracture
Fracture is common to the 4th and 5th metacarpal
Bennetts fracture
Fracture at the base of the first metacarpal.
May cause thumb to appear shorter when compared with opposite side
Jersey finger
Unable to flex distal phalanx
Elbow dislocation
Most common with FOOSH and hyper extension. Olecranon of the ulna is pushed posterior to its articulation
Concussion
A collection of signs and symptoms
Immediate and transient impairment of neural function
Coup injury- hit directly by an object
Contrecoup- fall and hit the floor
MTBI
Emotional changes
Amnesia
Traumatic brain injury
Cerebral edema
-subdural hematoma (increased pressure in the skull)
Intracranial bleeding -epidural hematoma - damage to meninges like artery Life threatening injury Bleeding in skull that pushes brain downward
Subdural hematoma
Bleeding occurs in subdural space
Hyphema
Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
Shoulder joint
Glenohumeral joint
Vertebral numbers
C- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Lordosis
Curvature in cervical and lumbar spine
Kyphosis
Thoracic curvature
Flexion of cervical spine
Chin to chest movement
Cervical spine fracture
C1-c3 are catastrophic due to respiratory function control of brain stem
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of spinal canal
Psoas muscle
Flexes hip and also flexes trunk
Spondylolysis
Defect of neural arch
MOI- repetitive hype reflexion (arching of back)
Stress reaction
Lumbar vertebrae
Spondylolisthesis
Complete fracture with forward displacement of vertebrae
Disc herniation
Pain with flexion
Disc protrudes and puts pressure on nerve
C1
Atlas
C2
Axis
Second impact syndrome
A loss of autoregulation that allows for rapid swelling and herniation of the brain. Occurs when a second head injury is sustained before a previous head injury has resolved
Otorrhea
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears
Rhinorrhea
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from nose. Or a runny nose
Battle sign
Discoloration behind ear; may be sign of head injury
Blow out fracture
Orbital fracture that occurs when bones that support the eye are fractured due to direct blow to orbital rim
Orbital hematoma
Black eye
Auricular hematoma
Cauliflower ear
Luxation (tooth)
A tooth has come loose or has been forced to an abnormal position
Avulsion (tooth)
Tooth has been knocked completely out of the socket
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the tissue that lines the eyelid and covers the eyeball
Hyphema
Collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye
Piriformis syndrome
Tightness of the piriformis muscle group as it passes over the sciatic nerve causing sciatica
Cranial nerves
Twelve paired nerves that arise from the brain that transmit sensory and motor impulses
Cerebellum
Largest portion of posterior brain; responsible for muscle tone, balance, and smooth coordinated movement.
Brainstem
Continuous with spinal column;
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and parts of the hypothalamus
Meninges
Layers of membrane that surround and protect the brain:
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
Intervertebral discs
Viscous inner region is called the nucleus pulposus
Fibrous outer edge is called annulus fibrosus
Facet joints
An articulation of the facets between each contiguous part of the vertebrae in the spinal column
