Exam 2

Question 1

Major ways we dissipate heat

Answer 1

1) sweating

2) vasodilation/ increased skin blood flow

Question 2

Thermoregulation occurs where:

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Dehydration of ___% of body weight increases risk for heat illness

Answer 3

3%

Question 4

Heat rash

Answer 4

Prickly heat. Redness/ rash. Treatment: allow skin to dry

Question 5

Heat cramps

Answer 5

Result from loss of fluids. Rx: ice bath, stretch, massage

Question 6

Heat exhaustion

Answer 6

Caused by inadequate replacement of fluids lost through sweating.

Collapse
Profuse sweating
Cool, clammy skin
Rapid, weak pulse
Electrolyte drink = watered down 3-4 times, so it can be absorbed faster into the GI tract

Question 7

Heat stroke

Answer 7

Complete breakdown of thermoregulation
Core temp > 106 degrees
Disorientation/ loss of conciousness
Flushed, hot skin
No sweating, hot skin
Rapid strong pulse
First 45 mins are critical to cool the body

Question 8

Ankle joint

Answer 8

Talocrural joint

Tibia, fibula, talus

Question 9

ATF - Anterior talofibular ligament

Answer 9

Most commonly sprained ligament in ankle. Lateral ankle sprain. Plantar flexion and inversion

Question 10

High ankle sprain

Answer 10

Anterior tib-fib ligament. Syndesmotic sprain
MOI- dorsiflexion and twisting
Severe Eversion
Often need boot
More serious

Question 11

Jones fracture

Answer 11

Fracture to proximal 1/3 of 5th metatarsal

Question 12

Deltoid ligament

Answer 12

Medial side of ankle

Question 13

Medial retinaculum

Answer 13

Holds tendons in place.

Question 14

Inversion sprains

Answer 14

80-85% of ankle sprains

Question 15

Perineus brevis (peroneal tendons)

Answer 15

Insert at the base of the 5 metatarsal

Question 16

Muscle origin

Answer 16

Fixed attachment

Question 17

Insertion

Answer 17

Moves with contraction

Question 18

2 most common fractures to the base of the 5th metatarsal

Answer 18

Jones fracture

Avulsion fracture

Question 19

Hypothermia defined

Answer 19

Body temp below 95%

Question 20

Achilles’ tendon rupture

Answer 20

Happens to middle aged/older ppl
Requires surgery to be sewn back together
Good blood supply, heals well with immobilization

Question 21

Convection heat transfer

Answer 21

Transfer of heat by circulation of wind or water. Also the way that heat is transferred in the blood

Question 22

Tom dick and Harry

Answer 22

3 key tendons that pass behind the medial malelous
Tom- posterior tibialis (inserts on navicular bone)
Dick- flexor digitorum longus
Harry- flexor hallucis longus

Question 23

Stress fracture

Answer 23

Most common:

Tibia, metatarsals, and navicular bone

Question 24

Shin splints

Answer 24

Umbrella:
Broad and diffuse pain
Medial tibial stress syndrome- soft tissue injury
Compartment syndrome (anterior compartment)
-acute
-chronic

Question 25

Acute Anterior lateral compartment

Answer 25

``` Moi- kicked in the shin Swelling has no where to go Shiny, waxy, swollen skin Medical emergency Drop foot ```

Question 26

Knee

Answer 26

``` Tibiofemoral joint (true knee joint) Patella femoral joint (patella glides in femoral groove ```

Question 27

MCL tear

Answer 27

More common than LCL tear | MOI- valgus force from outside of knee

Question 28

Iliotibial band (IT band)

Answer 28

Hip to insertion on anterior tibia

Question 29

ACL

Answer 29

Prevents anterior translation of tibia on the femur

Question 30

PCL

Answer 30

Prevents tibia from sliding posterior on femur

Question 31

Lateral meniscus

Answer 31

"O shaped" and smaller

Question 32

LCL tear

Answer 32

Less common | Varus force comes from inside of the knee

Question 33

Valgus force

Answer 33

Force from outside of knee | Knock knee'd

Question 34

Effusion

Answer 34

Swelling within a joint

Question 35

Osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 35

OCD lesions | Lesions to the weight bearing surface of the knee

Question 36

O'donoghue's triad

Answer 36

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

Question 37

Anterior knee pain

Answer 37

Prepatellar bursitis - turf knee | Patellar tendonitis- jumpers knee

Question 38

Patellofemoral pain

Answer 38

Patellar subluxation: Large q-angle Lack of Quad and core strength

Question 39

Q-angle

Answer 39

Line drawn from ASIS to central patella Female: 18% Males: 13%

Question 40

Osteitis pubis

Answer 40

Chronic inflammatory condition that occurs at the bony ends of the pubic bones