Exam 2 Flashcards
Major ways we dissipate heat
1) sweating
2) vasodilation/ increased skin blood flow
Thermoregulation occurs where:
Hypothalamus
Dehydration of ___% of body weight increases risk for heat illness
3%
Heat rash
Prickly heat. Redness/ rash. Treatment: allow skin to dry
Heat cramps
Result from loss of fluids. Rx: ice bath, stretch, massage
Heat exhaustion
Caused by inadequate replacement of fluids lost through sweating.
Collapse Profuse sweating Cool, clammy skin Rapid, weak pulse Electrolyte drink = watered down 3-4 times, so it can be absorbed faster into the GI tract
Heat stroke
Complete breakdown of thermoregulation Core temp > 106 degrees Disorientation/ loss of conciousness Flushed, hot skin No sweating, hot skin Rapid strong pulse First 45 mins are critical to cool the body
Ankle joint
Talocrural joint
Tibia, fibula, talus
ATF - Anterior talofibular ligament
Most commonly sprained ligament in ankle. Lateral ankle sprain. Plantar flexion and inversion
High ankle sprain
Anterior tib-fib ligament. Syndesmotic sprain MOI- dorsiflexion and twisting Severe Eversion Often need boot More serious
Jones fracture
Fracture to proximal 1/3 of 5th metatarsal
Deltoid ligament
Medial side of ankle
Medial retinaculum
Holds tendons in place.
Inversion sprains
80-85% of ankle sprains
Perineus brevis (peroneal tendons)
Insert at the base of the 5 metatarsal
Muscle origin
Fixed attachment
Insertion
Moves with contraction
2 most common fractures to the base of the 5th metatarsal
Jones fracture
Avulsion fracture
Hypothermia defined
Body temp below 95%
Achilles’ tendon rupture
Happens to middle aged/older ppl
Requires surgery to be sewn back together
Good blood supply, heals well with immobilization
Convection heat transfer
Transfer of heat by circulation of wind or water. Also the way that heat is transferred in the blood
Tom dick and Harry
3 key tendons that pass behind the medial malelous
Tom- posterior tibialis (inserts on navicular bone)
Dick- flexor digitorum longus
Harry- flexor hallucis longus
Stress fracture
Most common:
Tibia, metatarsals, and navicular bone
Shin splints
Umbrella:
Broad and diffuse pain
Medial tibial stress syndrome- soft tissue injury
Compartment syndrome (anterior compartment)
-acute
-chronic
Acute Anterior lateral compartment
Moi- kicked in the shin Swelling has no where to go Shiny, waxy, swollen skin Medical emergency Drop foot
Knee
Tibiofemoral joint (true knee joint) Patella femoral joint (patella glides in femoral groove
MCL tear
More common than LCL tear
MOI- valgus force from outside of knee
Iliotibial band (IT band)
Hip to insertion on anterior tibia
ACL
Prevents anterior translation of tibia on the femur
PCL
Prevents tibia from sliding posterior on femur
Lateral meniscus
“O shaped” and smaller
LCL tear
Less common
Varus force comes from inside of the knee
Valgus force
Force from outside of knee
Knock knee’d
Effusion
Swelling within a joint
Osteochondritis dissecans
OCD lesions
Lesions to the weight bearing surface of the knee
O’donoghue’s triad
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
Anterior knee pain
Prepatellar bursitis - turf knee
Patellar tendonitis- jumpers knee
Patellofemoral pain
Patellar subluxation:
Large q-angle
Lack of Quad and core strength
Q-angle
Line drawn from ASIS to central patella
Female: 18%
Males: 13%
Osteitis pubis
Chronic inflammatory condition that occurs at the bony ends of the pubic bones
