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CHEM 122 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of these statements about the common-ion effect is most correct?

A

The solubility of a salt MA is decreased in a solution that already contains either M+ or A-

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2
Q

Consider the equilibrium:
B(aq)+H20(l) HB+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Suppose that a salt of HB+ is added to a solution of B at equilibrium

A

The concentration of B(aq) will increase

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3
Q

What change will be caused by addition of a small amount of HCl to a solution containing fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride?

A

The concentration of fluoride ion will decrease and the concentration of hydrogen fluoride will increase

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4
Q

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is

A

pH=pKa+ log [base]/[acid]

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5
Q

The addition of hydrofluoric acid and ___ to water produces a buffer solution

A

NaF

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6
Q

In a solution, when the concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal….

A

The -log of the [H+] and the -log of the Ka are equal

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7
Q

Which below best describes the behavior of an amphoteric hydroxide in water?

A

With both conc. aq. NaOH and conc. aq HCL, its suspension dissolves

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8
Q

In nonaqueous solvents, it is possible to react HF to create H2F+. Which of these statements follows from this observation

A

HF can act like a base in nonaqueous solvents

There is an acid in the nonaqueous meduium that is a stronger acid than HF

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9
Q

Under what conditions does an ionic compound precipitate from a solution of the constituent ions?

A

When Q exceeds Ksp

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10
Q

The first law of thermodynamics can be given as

A

Delta E= q+w

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11
Q

A reversible change produces the maximum amount of ___ that can be achieved by the system on the surroundings

A

Work

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12
Q

A reaction that is spontaneous

A

Will proceed without outside intervention

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13
Q

Of the following only ___ is not a state function

A

q

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14
Q

When a system is at equilibrium

A

The process is not spontaneous in either direction

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15
Q

A reversible process is one that

A

can be reversed with no net change in either system or surroundings

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16
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

Spontaneity can depend on the temperature

17
Q

The process of iron being oxidized to make iron (III) oxide (rust) is spontaneous. Which of these statements about this process is true?

A

Equlibrium is achieved in a closed system when the rate of iron oxidation is equal to the rate of iron (III) oxide reduction

18
Q

The thermodynamic quantity that expresses the extent of randomness in a system is __

A

Entropy

19
Q

For an isothermal process, delta S=

A

qrev/T

20
Q

Which one of the following is always positive when a spontaneous process occurs?

A

delta Suniverse

21
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that

A

For any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases

22
Q

In a particular spontaneous process the entropy of the system decreases. What can you conclude about the sign and magnitude of delta S surr?

A

Delta Ssurr. is positive and greater than the magnitude of the decrease in delta Ssys

23
Q

Which one of the following processes produces a decrease in the entropy of the system?

A

Deposition of solid CO2 from gaseous CO2

24
Q

Which one of the following processes produces a decrease of the entropy of a system?

A

Dissolving oxygen in water

25
Q

Consider a pure crystalline solid that is heated from absolute zero to a temperature above the boiling point of the liquid. Which of the following processes produces the greatest increase in the entropy of the substance?

A

Vaporizing the liquid

26
Q

Which one of the following correctly indicates the relationship between the entropy of a system and the number of different arrangements, W, in the system?

A

S= klnW

27
Q

Which of these expressions correctly expresses the solubility-product constant for Ag3PO4 in water?

A

[Ag+]3[PO43-]

CHEM 122 (4 decks)

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