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Human Movement > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is center of gravity?

A

Point at which total mass of the body is equally distributed
Anterior to S1
55-57% of height

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2
Q

What is stability?

A

Ability to resist movement

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3
Q

What is mobility?

A

Ability to move readily

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4
Q

What factors affect stability?

A 
Size of bass
Height of Center of Gravity
Location of Center of gravity
Body mass
Friction
Visual, psychological and physiological
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5
Q

What are the three types of equilibrium?

A

Stable
Unstable
Neutral

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6
Q

What is stable equilibrium?

A

Disturbing an object raises center of gravity

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7
Q

What is unstable equilibrium?

A

An object will move in the direction of displacement

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8
Q

What is neutral equilibrium?

A

Center of gravity neither raised nor lowered with external force

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9
Q

What is posture?

A

Alignment of the vertebral column and its parts

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10
Q

What is balance?

A

The maintenance of posture

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11
Q

What are the functions of posture and balance?

A

Help maintain body segment alignment
Allows for effective engagement in voluntary movement
Reacting to unexpected balance disturbances

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12
Q

What is dynamic posture?

A

Posture of motion

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13
Q

What is static posture?

A

Involves little motion, but not necessarily motionless

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14
Q

What happens when postural control fails?

A

We engage muscles not suited for activity

Biomechanics suffer

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15
Q

What is standing posture?

A

Head erect
Even weight distribution
Even bilateral structures

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16
Q

What is sitting posture?

A

Anterior pelvic tilt
Both feet flat on floor
Both palms on surface

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17
Q

What is static postural control?

A

Allows for maintenance of center of gravity with the base of support
Happens with postural sway

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18
Q

What is reactive postural control?

A

Allows for maintenance of balance in response to unexpected events
Righting response

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19
Q

What is anticipatory postural control?

A

Movements in anticipation of a loss of balance

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20
Q

What is adaptive postural control?

A

Allows for movement modification for prolonged activity

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21
Q

What is the hip joint comprised of?

A

Right and left coxae and sacrum (pelvic girdle)

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22
Q

What does the hip joints stability come from?

A

Bony architecture
Strong ligaments
Large supportive muscles

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23
Q

What bone is weight bearing in the lower leg?

A

Tibia

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24
Q

What are the structures of the patella?

A

Superior base
Inferior apex
Articular facets

25
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee?

A 
Transverse
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Tibial collateral
Fibular collateral
Oblique popliteal
Arcuate popliteal
26
Q

What does the transverse ligament do?

A

Connects menisci to each other

In front of knee

27
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) do?

A

Main ligament in knee stability
Connects front of tibia to back of femur
Prevents femur posterior displacement

28
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) do?

A

Connects front of femur to back of tibia

29
Q

What does the tibial collateral ligament(MCL) do?

A

Connects tibia to femur (medial)

30
Q

What does the fibular collateral ligament (LCL) do?

A

Connects fibula to femur

Laterally

31
Q

What does the oblique popliteal ligament do?

A

Enforces medial-posterior corner of the knee

32
Q

What does the arcuate popliteal ligament do?

A

Connects head of fibula to condyles

33
Q

What are the two lines of pull that is equal to Q angle?

A

ASIS to patella

Center of patella to tibial tuberosity

34
Q

What is normal Q angle for men?

Women?

A

Less than or equal to 15 degrees

Less than or equal to 20 degrees

35
Q

What are the proximal tarsal bones?

A

Calcaneous
Talus
Navicular

36
Q

What is the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

Extends from heel to little toe

37
Q

What is the longitudinal arch?

A

Extends from heel to halluc

38
Q

What is les planus?

A

No arch when in weight bearing position

39
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

Heightened arch

40
Q

What are the three causes of gait abnormalities?

A

Trendelberg gait
ACL deficiencies
Neurological conditions

41
Q

What is locomotion?

A

The act or power of moving from place to place

42
Q

What is gait?

A

A particular form of locomotion

43
Q

What is walking?

A

Upright bipedal locomotion that consists of two phases

44
Q

What are the characteristics of stance phase?

A

60% of the time

Heel contact, foot flat, midstance, heel-off, toe-off

45
Q

What are the two phases of walking?

A

Stance phase

Swing phase

46
Q

What are the steps of swing phase of walking?

A

Initial, mid and terminal swing

47
Q

What is cadence?

A

Number of steps taken per minute

48
Q

What is slow cadence?
Fast?
Male average?
Female average?

A

Slow 70
Fast 130
Men 113
Women 117

49
Q

What is crawling?

A

Locomotion on both hands and stomach

50
Q

What is creeping?

A

Locomotion on hands and knees

51
Q

What must occur for gait to fully develop?

A 
Increase hip ROM
Increased ankle ROM
Decrease step width
Increase stride length
Enhanced counterbalance muscle activity
52
Q

What are the phases of running?

A

Swing
Stance
Float

53
Q

What is the float phase?

A

Period of nonsupport

54
Q

At what speed does running begin?

A

4.5mph

55
Q

What is jumping?

A

Leave from two, land on two

56
Q

What is leaping?

A

Leave from one, land on the other

57
Q

What is hopping?

A

Leave from one, land on the same

58
Q

What is assemble?

A

Leave from one, land on two

Human Movement (7 decks)

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