Exam 3

Question 1

Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants?

Answer 1

Slow curve down, relative plateau in beginning.

Question 2

The observational study of crows and helks presented in class showed that

Answer 2

Crows conform to the prediction of optimal foraging theory

Question 3

Using the mark/recapture method, if you mark 100 animals and release tehm to the wild, and later find 5 marked animals in a new sample of 100 captured, what is the estimated total population size?

Answer 3

2000

Question 4

A species whose life history emphasized rapid, high reproduction with low parental investment in any single offspring is an example of

Answer 4

r-selection

Question 5

Which is an example of mutualism?

Answer 5

Plants and mycorrhizal fungi

Question 6

A small population of species has the same intrinsic rate if increase (r) as a large population. If everything else is equal,

Answer 6

The large population will add more individuals per unit time.

Question 7

What will happen to GFR (glomerular filtration rate) if you constrict the afferent arteriole with no change in the diameter to the efferent arteriole?

Answer 7

GFR will increase

Question 8

What is the current level of CO2 in the atmosphere compared to what it was over the past 400,000 years?

Answer 8

Higher.

Question 9

In animals, the kind of behavior that is triggered by a sign stimulus and once because always goes to completion is

Answer 9

A fixed action pattern

Question 10

Urea is ____.

Answer 10

The primary nitrogenous waste product of humans

Question 11

How to sea birds gain pure water by drinking salt water?

Answer 11

They are able to excrete a concentrated salt solution from their nasal salt glands

Question 12

The soil seed bank contributes to revegetation in

Answer 12

Secondary succession

Question 13

Even in the per capita birth rate is at the level that should exactly replace every mating couple, a population can continue to rapidly increase if it has

Answer 13

A bottom-heavy age structure

Question 14

When a plant stem experiences light coming from just one side

Answer 14

Auxin accumulates on the dark side and causes greater cell expansion on the light side (photo-tropism)

Question 15

After they were protected by a hunting ban, the South African population of elephants underwent

Answer 15

Exponential growth

Question 16

It is thought that altruistic behaviors may have evolved because they

Answer 16

Increase inclusive fitness of individuals by benefiting close relatives

Question 17

The fall migration by monarch butterflies is

Answer 17

An innate behavior

Question 18

Why are many of the earth’s major deserts located about 30 degrees from the equator?

Answer 18

Large scale air movement absorbs moisture from these areas and transports it toward the equator.

Question 19

A plant cell is expanding longitudinally (up), what aspect of its cell wall structure prevents the cell from expanding transversely?

Answer 19

Its cellulose microfibrils are oriented transversely.

Question 20

Which interactions between species might you see in a uniform dispersion pattern?

Answer 20

A territorial species

Question 21

Which interactions between species are +/-?

Answer 21

Predation, herbivory and parasitism

Question 22

In which nephron segment is most of the filtrate reabsorbed?

Answer 22

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 23

In a popualtion undergoing logistical growth, the rate of population increase

Answer 23

Slows as the population approaches K.

Question 24

What factors are most responsible for the large-scale vegetation zones called biomes?

Answer 24

Temperature and rainfall.

Question 25

Evidence from ice cores shows that over the past 400,000 years the average global temperature

Answer 25

Has undergone repeated cycles of rising and falling.

Question 26

The toal water potential of pure water is 0Mpa, Dissolving solutes in the water will

Answer 26

Lower the water potential by lowering the solute potential

Question 27

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead will ____.

Answer 27

Excrete more water molecules than taken in because of the high amount of salt ingestion

Question 28

To maintain homeostasis, freshwater fish must ____.

Answer 28

Excrete large quantities of a dilute urine.

Question 29

By about how much has the human population increased since the 1950s?

Answer 29

More than 100%

Question 30

Materials are returned to the blood from the glomerular filtrate by which of the following processes?

Answer 30

Reabsorption

Question 31

Under what conditions might you observe character displacement?

Answer 31

When two formerly allopatric species with similar niches become sympatric.

Question 32

Which of the following is the filtering unit of the mammalian kidney?

Answer 32

Glomerulus

Question 33

The water potential gradient between a plant root and the soil

Answer 33

Is reduced in dry soils

Question 34

What might a secondary consumer eat?

Answer 34

An herbivore.

Question 35

In a species with Type III survivorship curve mortality is ____.

Answer 35

High in early life, the falls.

Question 36

Barnacle Species I is experimentally removed from a habitat. This results in Barnacle 2 expanding its range. Before the removal, Species 2 was _____.

Answer 36

Occupying its realized niche.

Question 37

The first macroscopic colonizers in primary succession are often _____ and _____.

Answer 37

Lichens and byrophytes.

Question 38

Laboratory populations of small organisms grown in flasks exhibit ______.

Answer 38

A good fit to the logistical growth curve, with a smooth approach to K.

Question 39

How does a keystone species affect its community?

Answer 39

A keystone species in not numerically abundant, but through predation or other effects increases species diversity in the community.

Question 40

The rate of human population increase has ______ somewhat in recent decades.

Answer 40

Slowed.

Question 41

Theory predicts that species diversity will be highest in communities that experience _______.

Answer 41

Intermediate levels of disturbance.

Question 42

What is an example of top-down control of trophic levels with in a community?

Answer 42

Removing a secondary consumer to increase herbivore biomass.

Question 43

What is a density-independent factor that could regulate population size?

Answer 43

A prolonged drought.

Question 44

Species that have more than one reproductive episode ruing a life time are called

Answer 44

Iteroparous.

Question 45

Canadian snowshoe hares and lynx both underwent fairly regular population cycles of boom and bust over most of a century. Why?

Answer 45

Lynx prey on hares, so an increase in hares leads to an increase in lynx, which reduces the hares, which reduces the lynx and so on.

Question 46

Historically, the lowest percentage of the state of Massachusetts that was forested was

Answer 46

20% in about 1840.