Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?
Vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery
The development of limbs is the most significant event in the evolution of
Vertebrates
Double fertilization occurs in _____ and produces _____ and _____.
Angiosperms… the embryo… the endosperm
The structure that is part of the gametophyte and produces sperm is the
Antheridium
Which of the taxa does the mature sphorophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?
Bryophyte
The major mechanism driving xylem flow is ____. Plants _____ need to expend energy to drive xylem flow by this process.
Transpiration/cohesion tension… do not.
Hemocyanin is the respiratory pigment of _____ and uses _____ as the oxygen binding component.
Arthropods; copper.
Which structures permit gas exchange in plants?
Stomates in leaves; lenticels in stems; aerenchyma in roots.
What is true regrading the nasal passage?
It is involved in the warming of inhaled air.
The adult stem cells found in red bone marrow from which all blood cells are derived are called ____.
Hemocytoblasts.
In angiosperms, the pollen grain is the ______.
Male gametophyte.
Re-ingesting cecotrophes is important for the nutritional balance of _____.
Rabbits.
In which phylum do you see organisms that posses an ostia, porocytes, and choanaocytes and clerocytes?
Porifera.
In which major plant group did the true vascular system first appear?
Ferns.
Which if the following is/are characteristics of all primates?
Opposable thumbs.
Birds have 3 types of feathers, primary, secondary, and contour feathers. What is the function of secondary feathers?
They are located closer to the body and provide lift.
In which of the following are there valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong direction?
Veins and between the atria and ventricles of the heart.
Which of the following characteristics helped to facilitate flight in birds?
Pneumatic bones.
What happens on the source end of phloem tubes?
Loading of sugars into phloem elements causes inflow of water by osmosis.
Features advantageous for terrestrial life possessed by reptiles, but not by amphibians are _____ and _____.
Keratinized scales; amniotic eggs.
In the amniotic egg, what is the function of the amnion/amniotic membrane?
Produces a fluid that baths and protects the embryo.
The phase of the life cycle of land pants that produces spores is the _____.
Sporophyte.
Activation of pepsin in the stomach _____.
Initiates the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach.
Bony skeleton, swim bladder, gills and being covered in scales best describes _____.
Osteichthyes.
Mycorrhizal fungi are ______.
Nutritional parasites of plant roots.
From an evolutionary standpoint, Pterosaurs are important because _____.
They were the first tetrapods that had wings which gave rise to birds.
Which of the clades of mammals has the most well developed placenta?
Eutherians. (us)
What is a benefit of having a 4 chambered heart versus a 3 chambered heart?
A 4 chambered heart allows you to deliver more oxxygen rich blood to the tissues whereas with a 3 chambered heart you get mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
What structure do all chordates have in common?
Notochord.
In both the lungs and body tissues O2 diffuses _____, and CO2 diffueses _____.
Passively down the gradient (both).
Heterosporous ferns have _____.
Sperm and egg producing structures on separate gametophytes.
Cnidarians have 2 body types. In which class of Cnidaria is the medusa form completely absent?
Anthozoa.
Animals that are classified as frugivores are
Herbivores.
The reproductive structure in annelids that lacks segmentation is called the _____.
Clitellum.
Bile _____.
Emulsifies fats in the duodenum.
Two characteristics of gynosperms that are not present in ferns are _____ and _____.
Seeds and pollen.
In the digestive system, peristalsis is _____.
Smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.
What is a characteristic that all animals in the phylum mollusca have in common?
Muscular foot.
What form of nitrogen can plants use?
Nitrogen from the atmosphere that has been fixed by soil bacteria.
Nitrogen from organic matter decomposed by soil bacteria.
Nutritionally, almost all land plants are photoautotrophs. This means they obtain their energy from _____ and they need _____ as a source of carbon.
Light… only CO2.
What describes “essential” nutrients?
Nutrients that must be in the diet because the animals are not able to synthesize them.
In which plant groups is environmental water required for sperm to swim to eggs during sexual reproduction?
Bryophytes and ferns.
In order for carbohydrates to be absorbed by the small intestine they must be broken down to monosaccharides. The disaccaride lactose is made up of which 2 monosaccharides?
Glucose and Galactose.
What is the correct order of the parts of small intestine starting from stomach to ending at the large intestines?
Duodenum –> jejunum –> Ilium
Shark eggs are fertilized internally with the most common way of embryo development being ovoviparous. What best describes the term ovoviparous?
The embryo develops within the uterus and ins nourished by the egg yolk.
A person has blood type A+. What does this mean?
They have A and D antigens on their erythocytes.
