Exam 3 Flashcards
The ability to remember the activities and plans one has to perform in the future is called
Proactive memory
Prospective memory
Retrospective memory
Transfer appropriate processing
Prospective memory
Self-initiated retrieval requirements are especially high in
implicit memory tasks
prospective memory tasks
recognition tasks
procedural memory tasks
prospective memory tasks
Declarative is to procedural as _____ is to _____.
a) short-term; long-term
b) knowing that; knowing how
c) semantic; episodic
d) facts; personal history
b) knowing that; knowing how
Semantic memories:
a) are generally retrieved in the absence of a recollective experience.
b) tend to be more vulnerable to forgetting than episodic memories.
c) typically include an affective (i.e., emotional) component.
d) aren’t all that important in day-to-day living.
a) are generally retrieved in the absence of a recollective experience.
Episodic memories:
a) are typically very resistant to forgetting
b) are generally associated with a recollective experience.
c) get stronger with normal aging (e.g., older adults are more accurate)
d) tend to be very accurate.
b) are generally associated with a recollective experience.
_______ memory is memory for personally experienced events, while ______ memory refers to knowledge about the world.
a) Semantic; Episodic
b) Episodic; Semantic
c) Implicit; Explicit
d) Explicit; Implicit
b) Episodic; Semantic
Memory for well-learned skills, like riding a bike, is termed
a) procedural memory
b) semantic memory
c) episodic memory
d) explicit memory
a) procedural memory
_______ refers to the processes involved in the acquisition of material.
a) Explicit memory
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Encoding
d) Encoding
Memory tests that assess how experiences and events have an influence on our behavior without consciously being recalled are termed
a) recognition tests
b) recall tests
c) implicit memory tests
d) explicit memory tests
c) implicit memory tests
When you’re attempting to remember what you did last night, this would be an ________ memory task that taps into ________.
a) explicit; episodic
b) explicit; semantic
c) implicit; episodic
d) implicit; semantic
a) explicit; episodic
Implicit memory is tested by
a) word-fragment completion
b) recognition
c) cued recall
d) free recall
a) word-fragment completion
define implicit memory
Implicit memory is a type of memory in which previous experiences aid the performance of a task without conscious awareness of these previous experiences
define explicit memory
Explicit memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences and information. People use explicit memory throughout the day, such as remembering the time of an appointment or recollecting an event from years ago.
A subject is given a word fragment completion test in which 15 are fragments of words seen previously and 15 were fragments of words not seen previously. Of the 15 previously seen words, the subject completes 9 successfully (60%). Of the 15 previously unseen words, the subject completes 6 successfully (40%). What is the priming in this experiment?
a) 10%
b ) 20%
c) 30%
d) 50%
b ) 20%
______ memory is to the past as _______ memory is to the future.
a) Explicit; implicit
b) Implicit; explicit
c) Prospective; retrospective
d) Retrospective; prospective
d) Retrospective; prospective
A critical difference in prospective and retrospective memory is that:
a) retrospective memory is explicit and prospective memory is implicit.
b) in retrospective memory, there is typically an explicit cue to remember; in prospective memory there isn’t
c) retrospective memory requires that a person “remember to remember”; prospective memory doesn’t
d) only retrospective memory plays a role in action slips; prospective memory isn’t involved.
b) in retrospective memory, there is typically an explicit cue to remember; in prospective memory there isn’t
Distributed practice is to massed practice as ________ is to ________.
a) encoding; retrieval
b) effective; ineffective
c) short term memory; long term memory
d) semantic memory; episodic memory
b) effective; ineffective
Some researchers think that implicit memory may be the norm in everyday memory, especially if we include these two populations: ______________________ and _______________________________
a. infants, animals
b. women, children
c. memory experts, savants
d. bilingual children, bilingual adults
a. infants, animals
Which of these served as the best predictor of long-term retention of mathematics knowledge, in Bahrick’s
studies on the long-term retention of knowledge?
a) SAT scores
b) grades
c) the length of the initial learning period
d) sex
c) the length of the initial learning period
What do Conway, Cohen, & Stanhope’s (1991) findings indicate about long-term retention of knowledge learned in a cognitive psychology class?
a) Concepts were forgotten more rapidly than names.
b) There was a strong relationship between student confidence and level of retention for course material
knowledge.
c) Recall performance was better than recognition performance.
d) Knowledge of research methods material showed little decline over the retention interval.
d) Knowledge of research methods material showed little decline over the retention interval.
Research on the long-term retention of knowledge learned through formal instruction leads to the conclusion that retention depends on the length of time over which initial learning takes place. According to your text, this is another instance of the powerful mnemonic benefits of:
a) distributed repetition
b) a deep level of processing
c) subjective organization
d) visual imagery
a) distributed repetition
Cepeda, Vuhl, Rohrer, Wixted, & Pashler (2008) found that the conditions leading to optimal recall were when_____; this ____ standard educational practice.
a) original learning sessions are followed by a lengthy spacing interval, and then a review; is not
b) original learning sessions are followed by a lengthy spacing interval, and then a review; is
c) compressed original coverage of a topic is followed by minimally spaced studying; is not
d) compressed original coverage of a topic is followed by minimally spaced studying; is
a) original learning sessions are followed by a lengthy spacing interval, and then a review; is not
Maintenance rehearsal:
a) helps performance on a recall memory test, but not on a low-level lab recognition memory test
b) helps performance on a but on a low-level lab recognition memory test, but not on a recall memory test
c) helps performance on both recall and low level lab recognition memory tests
d) helps perfomance on neither recall nor low level lab recognition memory tests
b) helps performance on a but on a low-level lab recognition memory test, but not on a recall memory test
Which of these combinations of repetition/rehearsal would lead to the best memory?
a) massed/elaborative
b) distributed/elaborative
c) distributed/maintenance
d) massed/maintenance
b) distributed/elaborative