Exam 3 Flashcards
pattern recognition bottom down processing
Feature detection/analysis
Pandemonium theory
Input-processing-
Output
Feature detection
Inefficient for machines
Pandemonium theory
Four levels of demons
- Vision demons
- Feature demons
- Cognitive demons
- Decision demons
Feature demons
Looking for combinations of features
Decision demon
Grandmother cell
Listen to all of the other demons and determine the image
Pattern recognition top down processing
Context
Gestalt grouping principles
Proximity, similarity, continuation, closure
Conserve brain power, enough information to conserve brain power
Gestalt grouping principles
Put object together assumed are related
Selective attention
Select what you pay attention to
Divided attention
We suck at it, Pat attention to multiple sources
Yerkes-Dodson model
Optimum level to perform well, not at the right level leads to not performing well
We need to be active and engaged
Articulatory loop
1.5 loop
Visuospatial sketch pad
Etcha sketch
Picture
Central executive
Attention getting
What can help with remembering?
Duration and rehearsal
Chunking increases
Capacity
Visual echo
Provide a way to see
Chunking
3-4 characters per chunk
Meaningful if possible
Letters better than numbers
Separate letters and numbers
Designing for the working memory
Minimize load on memory Provide visual echo Exploit chunking Minimize confusability Exploit different working memory dimensions (codes) Careful ordering of instructions
Long term memory
Does not decay (technically)
Unlimited
Lexical memory
Word bank
Chompkee
Prospective memory
Planning
Episodic memory
Visual
Children are more Likely to have this memory
Age 9 issue we become more Semantic
Self produced organization
Make it work for you
Encoding specificity
When you encode, you are encoding in a specie context (external cues, internal cues,)
Massed coding
All at once
Distributed coding
Spread out especially for studying
Scripts
Procedural
Schemas
Pattern of thinking
Designing for long term memory
Consistency Encourage regular use of information (reinforce it) Use memory AIDS Careful information design Encourage active (overt) repetition Match existing mental models/expecttions Design to support mental models
Mental models
Advance organizers
Conceptual framework
Bartlett
War of the ghosts
Schemas
Assimilation vs accommodation
@
E. loftus
Attack eye witness testimony Misinformation (suggestions) Memory implant (cannot recall) Overwriting (replace) Misinformation acceptance
Decision making
Always probabilistic
Heuristics
Inputs
Hypothesis generation
Hypothesis evaluation
Action selection
Hypothesis generation
Limited hypotheses
Availability
Representativeness
Overconfidence
Inputs
Limited attention
Cue primacy
Cue salience
Unreliable cues
Hypothesis evaluation
Cognitive fixation
Confirmation bias
Action selection
Limited retrieval, availability
Hindsight bias
Function fix
Ue something the same
Cognitive fixation
Use something over and over even if it is less efficent
Stroop
Dont cause an automatic response when it counteracts what you want them to do
Perceptual principles (memory specific)
Keep information available in the world
Predictive aiding
Consistency
Keep knowledge available in this world
Do not rely on memory
Hold information in displays
Checklists
Predictive aiding
Let the machine think ahead and communicate plan
Consistency
Awareness of automatic processing
Work with it not against it
Want to maximize positive transfer
Visual displays
Static display
Dynamic display
Display organization
Static displays
Characteristics for good static displays Visibility Discriminability Meaningfulness Location
Dynamic displays
Analog
Digital
Goods and bads
Display organization
Gestalt grouping principles
Frequency of use
Sequence of use
Link analysis
Head Up Displays
Collimated light
optical infinity vs. Resting focal length
Helmeted mounted displays
Binocular or monocular Binocular rivalry (fusion vs suppression) Augmented reality Head tracking Heat, weight, etc
Anthropometry
The measurement of the size and proportions of the human body
