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Human Factors > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Wavelength determines

A

The color or hue

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1
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance crest to crest

Nanometer is a unit of measure

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2
Q

Human visible spectrum

A

360-760nm

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3
Q

Anatomy of the eye

A 
Cornea
Iris
Pupil 
Lens
Retina
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4
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Rods and cones

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5
Q

Cones/photopic is best at

A

Yellow green when light adapted

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6
Q

Rods/Scotopic is best at

A

Blue green when dark adapted

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7
Q

Erytholabe

A

Red (L-570nm)

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8
Q

Chlorolabe

A

Green (M-535nm)

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9
Q

Cyanolabe

A

Blue (S-445nm)

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10
Q

Monochromatism

A

2 of the 3 cone pigments are absent

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11
Q

Protagonist

A

No L pigment

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12
Q

Deuteranopia

A

No M pigment

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13
Q

Tritanopia

A

No S pigment

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14
Q

Protoanomaly

A

Deficient L cone red 7% of males

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15
Q

Deuteranomaly

A

Deficient M cone

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16
Q

Photopic Vision

A

Light vision
Day active animals
Cone based
Color

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17
Q

Scotopic vision

A

Dark vision
Nocturnal animals
Rod based
No color

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18
Q

Light Adaptation

A

Very fast

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19
Q

Dark Adaptation

A

Cones take five minutes

Rods take 25-30 minutes

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20
Q

Static monocular cues

A 
Interposition 
Aerial perspective
Shading and light
Shading and shape
Elevation
Linear perspective
Texture gradients
Relative size
Familiar size
21
Q

Dynamic monocular cues

A

Motion parallax
Accommodation
Artificial gradients and driving speed

22
Q

Binocular cues

A

Convergence

Binocular disparity

23
Q

Range of hearing

A

20 HZ to 20,000 Hz

24
Q

Sones

A

40 db at 1000 Hz

25
Q

Phons

A

1 dB at 1000 Hz

26
Q

Outer ear

A

Pinna
External auditory canal
Eardrum

27
Q

Pinna

A

Protects
Funnels
Amplifies

28
Q

External auditory canal

A

Conducts

Amplifies

29
Q

Eardrum

A

Vibrates

Transforms vibration into mechanical motion

30
Q 
Ossicles
Impedance matching function
Mechanical force magnification
Area concentration
Eustachian tube
Bone conduction
A

Middle ear

31
Q

Ossicles

A

Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)

32
Q

Malleus

A

Hammer

33
Q

Incus

A

Anvil

34
Q

Stapes

A

Stirrup

35
Q

Inner ear

A

Cochlea

Organ of Corti

36
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Inner hair cells

Outer hair cells

37
Q

Inner hair cells

A

3500
90% of 50,000 neurons
Frequency discrimination

38
Q

Outer hair cells

A

20,000

Sensitive to threshold level sound

39
Q

Perceiving pitch

A

Place theory

Frequency match theory

40
Q

Place theory

A

Totally tonotopic organization and responding
Envelope of traveling wave
Peak is determined by frequency

41
Q

Frequency matching theory

A

Entire membrane vibrates
neuron firing rate matches frequency of vibration
Volley firing principle

42
Q

Auditory Alarms

A 
Omnidirectional receiver
\+30 db for salience 
Do not exceed danger level
Startle issue
Be informative (directional info?)
Minimize confusability
Absolute judgement limitations
43
Q

Designer alarms

A

Pitch
Envelope
Rhythm
Timbre

44
Q

Vestibular system

A

Semicircular canals

45
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

3 pairs filled with fluid
90 degree offset for each pair
Motion sickness

46
Q

Motion sickness

A

Cue conflict theory
The poison position
Nausea, vomiting,dizziness, cold sweating, over production of saliva

How to prevent:
Reduce head and body movement
Try to match visual and vestibular info (look outside)
Don’t drink, lose sleep, get sick, be stressed, be too warm
Take meds

47
Q

Skin senses

A

Tactile
Haptic
proprioception
Kinesthesis

48
Q

Tactile

A

BASIC touch

Pressure

49
Q

Haptics

A

Integration of touch and position

Sense of object form

50
Q

Proprioception

A

Joint position

51
Q

Kinesthesis

A

Motion of body parts

Human Factors (2 decks)

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