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CNS > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general somatic efferents?

A

These are motor neurons going to voluntary muscles

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2
Q

Which general somatic efferent innervates muscles that move the toung?

A

The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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3
Q

Which general somatic efferent innervates muscles that move the eye?

A
  1. Oculomotor
  2. Troclear
  3. Abducence
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4
Q

What category of cranial nerves are associated with the autonomic functions?

A

General Visceral Efferents

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5
Q

Which GVE nerves have parasympathic funtions?

A

Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharngeal
Vagus

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6
Q

Give 2 examples of visceral receptors that general visceral afferent nerves are related to.

A

Blood Pressure

O2 content

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7
Q

Which three nerves are the primary GVA?

A

Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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8
Q

What types of nerves deal with sensation on the skin of the head and skin of the neck?

A

General somatic Afferents.

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9
Q

What are the GSAs?

A

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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10
Q

Which nerves are the Special Viseral Efferent nerves?

A 
Trigmeinal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory Nerve
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11
Q

What structures recieve SVE innervation?

A 
Motor impulses to things in the neck, such as:
Pharynx
Larynx
SCM
Traps
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12
Q

What types of senses has special visceral afferent innervation?

A

Chemical Sensations

  • smell
  • taste
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13
Q

Which Nereve carry SVA fibers?

A

Olfactory (smell)
Facial (Taste)
Glossopharyngeal (taste)
Vagus (taste)

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14
Q

What types of nerve fibers deal with vision?

A

Special Somatic Afferent

-Optic Nerve

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15
Q

Aside from vision, what sense is carried over special somatic afferent fibers?

A

Hearing and Balance

-Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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16
Q

Which cranial nerve exists on the Dorsal side of the brain?

A

Trochlear

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17
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve orginate?

A

The pons

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18
Q

Which side of the spinal cord contains the afferent fibers?

A

Dorsal side

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19
Q

Which side of the spinal cord contain the efferent fibers?

A

The ventral side

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20
Q

Within the spinal cord, which fibers are found more medially and which are found more lateral?

A

Medially - Visceral

Laterally - Sensory

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21
Q

What separates the sensory areas from the motor in the medualla? which are more medial/which are more lateral?

A

Sulculs Limmitans separates the 2

Motor = medial (efferent nerves)
Sensory = lateral (afferent nerves)
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22
Q

What motor nuclei are located in the medulla?

A

Hypoglossal (General somatic efferents)
Nucleus Ambiguious (General Somatic Efferent)
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus

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23
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal foramen

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24
Q

What movements does CN XII control?

A

Handles intrinsic and extrinsic muscles o f tongue

Helps swallow and form words

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25
Q

What functions are controlled by the Nucleus Ambiguous?

A

Motor to pharynx and larynx

Helps swallow and talk

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26
Q

True or False: the Dorsal Motor nucleus of the Vagus is an entirely somatic nucleus.

A

False: Also has a parasympathetic component

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27
Q

What are the main sensory nuclei in the medulla?

A

Nucleus solitarius
Spinal Trigmenial Nucleus
Vestibular Nucleus
Cohclear Nucleus

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28
Q

Which nucleus receives basic information about taste?

A

The Nucleus solitarius

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29
Q

Which afferent nucluce receives information from the head and the neck?

A

The Spinal trigeminal nucleus

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30
Q

Which nuclus deal with hearing?

A

Cochlear nucleus

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31
Q

Which Nucleus deals with balance?

A

Vestibular nucleus

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32
Q

Which 2 lateral nuclei deal with SSA information?

A

(SSA = Special Somatic Afferents)

Cochlear and Vestibular

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33
Q

Which sensory nucleus in the medulla is a GSA nucleus?

A

(GSA = General Somatic Afferent)

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

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34
Q

Aside from taste, what information does the Nucleus Solitarius receive?

A

basic visceral input

  • Blood pressure
  • Oxygen content
  • Osmolality

digestive input

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35
Q

What type of nucleus is the Nuclus Solitaris? (SSA, GSA, GVA, SVA)

A

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

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36
Q

How would you group the cranial nerves?

A 
Optic
Olfactory
Glossopharngeal 
Occulomotor, Troclear, Abducence
Trigmeninal, Facial
Vestibulocolear, Vagus, Spinal Accesroy, Hypolossal
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37
Q

Which nerves control eye movements?

A

Oculomotor nerve => CN III
Trochlear nerve => CN IV
Abducens nerve => CN VI

38
Q

What is the largest of the 3 nerves that control eye movement?

A

The occularmotor nerve.

39
Q

Where do the ascending fibers that control eye movement come from?

A

The medial longitudinal fasciculus

40
Q

What type of fiber is the Oculomotor fiber?

A

General Somatic Efferent

General Visceral Motor

41
Q

Where is the oculomotor nucleus found?

A

In the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus, just below the periaqudectual gray.

42
Q

Where do the fibers of the oculomotor nerve exit the midbrain? where do they exit the skull?

A

Fibers exit the mid brain between 2 cerebral peduncles: interpeduncular fossa

Exit cranium though the superior orbital fissure

43
Q

What nucleus supplies the para sympathetic (and therefore the GVM) component of Cranial Nerve III?

A

Edinger- Westphal Nucleus

44
Q

What actions does the oculomotor nerve control?

A

Eye movement and eyelid elevation (General Somatic Efferent)

Constriction of pupil/lens accommodation (General Visceral Motor)

45
Q

What muscles are controlled by the somatic component of the occulomotor nerve?

A
  1. Lavator palpebraey supenoris
  2. internal oblique
  3. middle rectus
  4. superior rectus
  5. inferior rectus
46
Q

Where is the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus located?

A

Dorsal to the oculomortor nuculus at the level of the superior colliculus/periaquductal gray.

47
Q

What is the function of the lavator palpibre superious?

A

To lift the eyelid. It has nothing to do with eye movements.

48
Q

Describe the path of the parasymthic oculomotor fibers.

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus –> exit the cranium with the oculomotor nerve at the superior orbital fissure –> synapse on the cilliary ganglion (just next to the optic nerve) –> short cilliary fibers run to 2 muscles (Sphincter pupillae; ciliary muscles)

49
Q

What does the Cilliary muscle do?

A

It controls the shape of the lens. When contracted, lens is round (good for near vision). When relaxed lens is flat (good for far vision).

50
Q

What does the constrictor pupillae muscle do?

A

Constricts the iris.

51
Q

What reflexes are controlled by the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?

A

Papillary light reflex

Accommodation reflex => focus

52
Q

I’ve just shown a light into one eye. Name the reflex and describe the pathway.

A

Papillary Light Reflex
(Note BOTH pupils will constrict)

Light –> Retina –> Optic Tract –> Pretractal area of midbrain (this step happens bilaterally, which is why both eyes will have the reflex) –> Edinger-Westphal Nucleus on both sides –> Meets up with oculomotor nerve to go though interpeducular fossa and then supraorbial fissure –> to the cilliary gangilon –> to the constrictor pupillae muscle which constricts the lens

53
Q

I look at something close to me, what reflex will kick in and describe the pathway.

A

Accommodation reflex

Image hits retina –> Optic Nerve –> Chicsma –> Tract –> lateral geniculate nucleus –> visual cortex –> associational visual cortx decides the image is fuzzy –> through corticobulbar tract –> projection to Edinger-Westphal nucleus –> oculomotor –> out of the interpeducular fossa –> out of the cranium though the superior orbital fissure –> to the ciliary gangion –> to the short ciliary fibers –> to the cilliary muscle –> muscle contracts (lens becomes round).

If you were looking at something far the only difference would be that the muscle relaxed causing the lens to become flat.

54
Q

Where is the nucleus of the troclear nerve located?

A

In the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculs at the ventral part of (deep to) the periaqudeuctal gray.

55
Q

What are the functional components of the Troclear Nerve?

A

GSE (General somatic motor efferent)

56
Q

What muscle dose the troclear nerve control?

A

The superior oblique muscle

57
Q

What is the path of the fibers from the troclear nucleus to the muscle it innervates?

A

exit on dorsal side of the midbrain –> Cross –> Wrap around brainstem –> Exit cranium through superior orbital fissure –> Go to superior oblique muscle

58
Q

Why is it significant that the superior oblique runs though the trochlea?

A

This changes the direction of the muscle and therefore allows the superior oblique to make the front of the eye look downward (pulls the back of the eye up).

59
Q

What are the functional components of the Abducence nerve?

A

GSE (General somatic motor efferent)

60
Q

Where is the abducence nucleus located?

A

In the pons are the level of the facial colliculus

61
Q

What muscle doe the abducence nerve innervate?

A

Lateral Rectus

62
Q

How dose the abducence nerve leave the pons? the cranium?

A

Pons: between pons and medulla at pontomedullary junction (or the pontopyramidal junction specifically. they leave medially at the level of the pyramids)
Cranium: Though the superior orbital fissure

63
Q

What structure separates the abducences and the trochlear nuclei?

A

The basilar pons

64
Q

Each Nuclei that controls movement of the eye is associated with a colliculus. Who goes with what?

A

Superior Colliculus: occulomotor
Inferior colliculus: troclear
Facial: abducence

65
Q

What forms the facial colliculus?

A

Fibers from motor facial nucleus wrap around abducens nucleus

66
Q

What structure is next to the abducence nucleus?

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

67
Q

During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look up and in?

A

Inferior oblique

68
Q

Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look up and in?

A

Superior rectus

69
Q

During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look inward?

A

Medial rectus

70
Q

Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look inward?

A

medial rectus

71
Q

During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look down and inward?

A

Superior oblique

72
Q

Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look down and inward?

A

Inferior Rectus

73
Q

During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look down and outward?

A

Inferior rectus

74
Q

Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look down and outward?

A

Superior Oblique

75
Q

During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look laterally?

A

Lateral Rectus

76
Q

Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look laterally?

A

Lateral Rectus

77
Q

During coordinated movement, what is the primary muscle that causes the eye to look up and outward?

A

Superior Rectus

78
Q

Anatomically, what is the muscle that causes the eye to look up and outward?

A

inferior oblique

79
Q

Which muscles attach to the posterior pole?

A

The obliques after changing direction on the troclea

80
Q

Which muscles attach to the anterior pole

A

The rectus muscles

81
Q

What is the motor nucleus of the glossophaengal nerve?

A

nucleus ambiguious

82
Q

What muscles does the glossophargengeal nerve innervate?

A

The stylopharengeal muscles

83
Q

What action is the glossophrengeal nerve most closely associated with?

A

Swollowing

84
Q

Is the motor or sensory nuclus of the glossopharengeal nerve more medial?

A

The motor nucleus (nucleus ambiguous)

85
Q

What is the sensory nucleus of the glossopharengeal nerve

A

There are 2!

  • Nucleus of the solitary track
  • spinal trigeminal nuclus
86
Q

The nucleus of the solitary tract is a dark spot surrounded by a light ring. What makes up the dark spot and what makes up the light ring?

A

Dark spot: tract

Light Ring: Nuclus

87
Q

What sensations are processed/sent to the nuclus of the solitaty tract by the glossopharengeal nerve?

A

Taste from the back 1/3 of the tong
Barrow Receptor information from the carotid sinus
Chemoreceptor input from the carotid body

88
Q

Where is the spinal trigeminal nucleus in relationship to the other nucli of the glossopharengeal nerve.

A

Most lateral.

(From medial to lateral: nucleus ambiguous –> inferior salivary nucleus –> nucleus of the solitary track –> spinal trigeminal nucleus)

89
Q

How many nuclei are associated with the glossopharengeal nerve?

A 
4
nucleus ambiguous (Motor)
Nucleus of the Solitary tract (sensory)
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus (sensory)
inferior salivatory nucleus (Parasympathic)
90
Q

Which nucleus of CN IX has a branch to the octic ganglion?

A

The inferior salivary nucleus

91
Q

What funtion is the inferior salivary nucleus associated with?

A

Salivation

- octic ganglion projects to protid gland, which then produces salivia

92
Q

How does CN IX exit the cranium?

A

Through the jugular foramen

CNS (3 decks)

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