Exam 3

Question 1

How to find the subject of a sentence:

Answer 1

• W/ action verbs, ask, “Who is _____?”
  
  • Just then, the **children **walked in.
  • Wearily, the group trudged onward.
• W/ linking verbs, ask “Who/what is this sentence about?
  
  • Earlier, she felt dizzy.
  • That **church **is impressive.

Question 2

How to find the direct object in a sentence:

Answer 2

Ask:

• Who/what did you ________?
  
  • My niece rented a movie.
  • She is buying a small studio apartment.

Remember: sentences w/ linking verbs don’t have D.O.s.

Question 3

How to find the indirect object in a sentence:

Answer 3

Ask: Who/what is recieving the direct object?

• The boys left a note for their teacher.
• The boys left their teacher a note.
• Tim buys **me **flowers.

All sentences with I.O.s have D.O.s, but not all sentences with D.O.s have I.O.s.

Question 4

Phrase

Answer 4

A combination of words, according to the type of phraes (noun, verb, etc.)

Question 5

Clause

Answer 5

A combination of phrases that must contain at least a subject and a main verb. Can be a free-standing sentence or a sentence within a sentence.

Question 6

Sentence

Answer 6

Made up of clauses. Can contain one or more clauses.

Question 7

Mutually intelligible

Answer 7

Language varities that can be understood by the speakers of the two (or more) varieties

Question 8

Dialectologist

Answer 8

Sociolinguist who vocuses on catalouging and mapping dialects

Question 9

Isogloss

Answer 9

Geographical boundary of a particular linguistic feature

(pop vs. soda vs. coke)

Question 10

Social network

Answer 10

Social relationships that characterize a group of speakers. Speakers with denser social networks will be more likely to maintain their language variety even though they are aware that it is stigmatized and lacks social advantage.

Question 11

General American

Answer 11

An idealized variety of English that speakers percieve as neutral, with few stigmatized forms or regionalisms.

Question 12

Sociolinguistics

Answer 12

Study of how language varies over space by region, ethnicity, social class, etc.

Question 13

Dialect

Answer 13

Variety of language that has unique phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary and is spoken and understood by a particular group

Question 14

3 features of AAVE

Answer 14

1. Double negatives: he ain’t got no
2. Removing -s morpheme:
   
   1. Plural: ten cent
   2. 1st person singular: She seem tired
   3. Possessive: Tom car
3. Habitual invariant be: He(I, me, they, we) be runnning.

Question 15

Language

Answer 15

Language is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication.

• language evolves within specific historical, social, and cultural contexts;
• language, as rule-governed behavior, is described by at least five parameters—phonologic, morphologic, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic;
• language learning and use are determined by the interaction of biological, cognitive, psychosocial, and environmental factors;
• effective use of language for communication requires a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and sociocultural roles.