Exam 2 Flashcards
Coordinating conjunctions
Connect 2 units of the same type
- For
- And
- Nor
- But
- Or
- Yet
- So
Subordinating conjunctions
- Connect a sentence with another clause that is dependent on it
- Will be the first word of a dependent clause
“I took the express train so that I could arrive on time.”
“**Wherever we travel, **we always have fun.”
Correlative conjunctions
Conjunctions that work together but aren’t next to each other in the sentence
- Both…and
- Neither…nor
- Either…or
- If…then
Subject pronouns
Come before the verb in the sentence
- she, he, I, we, they, it, you
Object pronouns
Come after the verb in the sentence
- her, him, me, us, them, it, you
Reflexive pronouns
End in “-self” or “-selves”
Used when we refer to the same person/thing more than once
- yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
Demonstrative pronouns
- Replace a noun or noun phrase
- Different from demonstrative determiners, which occur before nouns.
“Those were the good old days.”
“She really likes these.”
Possessive pronouns
Indicate possession/ownership
Function as determiners if followed by a noun (His ideas)
“That suitcase isn’t mine.”
- his, hers, mine, ours, its, theirs, yours
Interrogative pronouns
Question words
“Who went first?”
- How, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why
Relative pronouns
Function as a type of subordinating conjunction
Sometimes look like interrogative pronouns, but don’t as a question
- “He liked the teacher who gave easy tests.”
- “Sam fixed the computer that** **broke.”
Adverbs
Describe verbs or adjectives
Describe location:
- I live here.
- This is going nowhere.
Describe time:
- He’s arriving today.
- It will be too dark to play outside soon.
Noun phrase
- Head: noun (must have this)
- Constituents: other optional things (adjectives, determiners)
Verb phrase
- Verb alone:
- I’m reading.
- Verb + noun phrase:
- I’m reading a book.
- Linking verb + predicate adjective:
- She seems tired.
- Verb + prepositional phrase:
- She ran over the bridge.
Person
Auxiliary verbs
Occur with other verbs (not the main verb)
- Modals: can, will, shall, may, might, must, should, would, could
- have, has, had
- am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
