Exam 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

In the Calvin cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and results the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate is?

A

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase(rubisco).

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1
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

Stroma of the chloroplast

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2
Q

Location of the chlorophyll based photocenters?

A

Thylakoids membrane

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3
Q

Location some reactions of photo respiration pathway?

A

Peroxisomes

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4
Q

Location of sucrose synthesis?

A

Cell cytoplasm

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5
Q

Location of relatively high proton concentrations?

A

Thylakoids lumen

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6
Q

The “KDEL” tag, with amino acids Lysine-aspartate-glutamate-leucine at the carboxyl end of a soluble protein, leads to?

A

The binding to a receptor in the Golgi cis-sacs and vesicles return to the ER.

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7
Q

The addition and modification of mannose-6-phosphate oligosaccharide chains to soluble lysosomal enzymes leads to?

A

Sorting of enzymes into transport vesicles that eventually form lysosomes

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8
Q

Suppose the thylakoids sacs isolated from chloroplasts were made acidic and the transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

A

The isolated thylakoids sacs will make ATP

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9
Q

Which of the following is common in both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

The chemiosmotic formation of ATP

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10
Q

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco enzyme catalyzes the reaction of ribulose bisphophate with?

A

O2

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11
Q

The continuous release of mucus by the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract is an example?

A

Constitutive secretion

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12
Q

List the order in which the protein of these fractions first exhibit radioactivity?

A

III, II, I, out of the cell

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13
Q

All of the following statements about cellular trafficking are true except?

A

COPI-coated vesicles move materials from Golgi to the secretory vesicle

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14
Q

Structure that biosynthesis of steroid hormones?

A

Smooth ER

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15
Q

Structure that degradation of damaged organelles?

A

Lysosomes

16
Q

Sorting proteins for export or to specific organelles

A

Golgi apparatus

17
Q

Transport to or between various layers of Golgi

A

Shuttle transition vesicle

18
Q

Uptake of low-density lipoproteins LDL occurs by?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis?

19
Q

What are C4 plants more suited to hot climates than C3 plants?

A

They keep fixing carbon dioxide even when the stomata of the leaf are closed, due to CO2 pump.

20
Q

The source of most of the O2 gas in the atmosphere is due to oxidation of water by Cyanobacteria, algae and plants.

A

True

21
Q

Ultimately, the -66 mV resting potential of many nerve cells is established by what process?

A

The work of Na+\K+ pumps

22
Q

A toxin that binds and closes only voltage-gated sodium channels in axons would be expected to

A

Prevent the depolarization phase of the action potential

23
Q

One of the first things that happens in post-translational modification of most proteins in the rough ER is?

A

Addition of carbohydrate chains (glycosylation)

24
Q

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, and open them at night, thus potentially reducing loss of water. They can do this because they?

A

Fix CO2 into organic acids like malate held in vacuoles during the night

25
Q

One of the disadvantages of the C4 pathway is that it requires more_______ to run a carbon dioxide shuttle than the pathway of C3 plants.

A

More ATP

26
Q

Peroxisomes have all of the following functions in animal cells EXCEPT?

A

Fusing with phagocytic vacuoles to digest bacteria?

27
Q

MS is an autoimmune disease that attacks myelinated nerves and degrades Schwann cells and the myelin sheath around them. This would affect nerve cells by?

A

All of the above

28
Q

The order of events in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles includes all the following steps EXCEPT?

A

Movement of cell membrane to surround molecules or particles.

29
Q

The proximal stimulus for secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is in increase in?

A

Calcium levels

30
Q

At rest, most cells have relatively high concentrations of________ outside the cell compared to inside the cell, leading to a relatively________ charge inside the cell compared to its environment.

A

Sodium; negative

31
Q

You are looking for lysosomes, the enzyme activity you can test for is?

A

Lipases and protein hydrolases

32
Q

The faster, salutatory transmission of signals in nerve axons is made possible by?

A

Nodes of ranvier Myelin sheaths

33
Q

The “information receiving” section of a neuron is its_____?

A

Dendrites

34
Q

The main inputs for the Calvin cycle are_______; the immediate main output carbohydrate is_________?

A

ATP, CO2, NADPH; G-3-P