Exam 3 Flashcards
In the Calvin cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and results the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate is?
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase(rubisco).
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
Stroma of the chloroplast
Location of the chlorophyll based photocenters?
Thylakoids membrane
Location some reactions of photo respiration pathway?
Peroxisomes
Location of sucrose synthesis?
Cell cytoplasm
Location of relatively high proton concentrations?
Thylakoids lumen
The “KDEL” tag, with amino acids Lysine-aspartate-glutamate-leucine at the carboxyl end of a soluble protein, leads to?
The binding to a receptor in the Golgi cis-sacs and vesicles return to the ER.
The addition and modification of mannose-6-phosphate oligosaccharide chains to soluble lysosomal enzymes leads to?
Sorting of enzymes into transport vesicles that eventually form lysosomes
Suppose the thylakoids sacs isolated from chloroplasts were made acidic and the transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?
The isolated thylakoids sacs will make ATP
Which of the following is common in both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis?
The chemiosmotic formation of ATP
Photorespiration occurs when rubisco enzyme catalyzes the reaction of ribulose bisphophate with?
O2
The continuous release of mucus by the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract is an example?
Constitutive secretion
List the order in which the protein of these fractions first exhibit radioactivity?
III, II, I, out of the cell
All of the following statements about cellular trafficking are true except?
COPI-coated vesicles move materials from Golgi to the secretory vesicle
Structure that biosynthesis of steroid hormones?
Smooth ER
Structure that degradation of damaged organelles?
Lysosomes
Sorting proteins for export or to specific organelles
Golgi apparatus
Transport to or between various layers of Golgi
Shuttle transition vesicle
Uptake of low-density lipoproteins LDL occurs by?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis?
What are C4 plants more suited to hot climates than C3 plants?
They keep fixing carbon dioxide even when the stomata of the leaf are closed, due to CO2 pump.
The source of most of the O2 gas in the atmosphere is due to oxidation of water by Cyanobacteria, algae and plants.
True
Ultimately, the -66 mV resting potential of many nerve cells is established by what process?
The work of Na+\K+ pumps
A toxin that binds and closes only voltage-gated sodium channels in axons would be expected to
Prevent the depolarization phase of the action potential
One of the first things that happens in post-translational modification of most proteins in the rough ER is?
Addition of carbohydrate chains (glycosylation)
CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, and open them at night, thus potentially reducing loss of water. They can do this because they?
Fix CO2 into organic acids like malate held in vacuoles during the night
One of the disadvantages of the C4 pathway is that it requires more_______ to run a carbon dioxide shuttle than the pathway of C3 plants.
More ATP
Peroxisomes have all of the following functions in animal cells EXCEPT?
Fusing with phagocytic vacuoles to digest bacteria?
MS is an autoimmune disease that attacks myelinated nerves and degrades Schwann cells and the myelin sheath around them. This would affect nerve cells by?
All of the above
The order of events in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles includes all the following steps EXCEPT?
Movement of cell membrane to surround molecules or particles.
The proximal stimulus for secretion of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is in increase in?
Calcium levels
At rest, most cells have relatively high concentrations of________ outside the cell compared to inside the cell, leading to a relatively________ charge inside the cell compared to its environment.
Sodium; negative
You are looking for lysosomes, the enzyme activity you can test for is?
Lipases and protein hydrolases
The faster, salutatory transmission of signals in nerve axons is made possible by?
Nodes of ranvier Myelin sheaths
The “information receiving” section of a neuron is its_____?
Dendrites
The main inputs for the Calvin cycle are_______; the immediate main output carbohydrate is_________?
ATP, CO2, NADPH; G-3-P
