Exam #3 Flashcards
Gilgamesh
Great king over the Sumerian city of Uruk.
Born 2/3 divine and 1/3 mortal = destined to die
Best friend was Enkidu
Hero
Someone who stands out from others.
Someone distinguished by prominence, bravery, or merit.
Enkidu
Primitive man who had long hair like a woman.
He lived in the wild like an animal.
His best friend was Gilgamesh.
Humbaba
Guardian of the forest in the land of the living.
Who Enkudi feared.
Utnapishtim
“He saw life”
Who Gilgamesh went to search for.
Him and his wife were the only ones to survive the flood…. The gods transported them across the sea so that they could enjoy everlasting life.
“Heroic nudity”
What striking male nudity is called in Greek art.
Heracles
Greatest of Greek Heroes
Called Hercules by Romans
Similar to Gilgamesh
Alcmena
Birthed by Electryon and Anaxo
Daughter
Had nine brothers
Eurystheus
Birthed by Sthenelus and Menippe
Amphitryon
Birthed by Alcaeus
Electryon
King of Mycenae
Megara
Daughter of Creon
Was given to Heracles by her father
Was later killed with her children by Heracles
Nemean Lion
First encounter with Heracles’ twelve labors
Hydra
Second of Heracles’ 12 labors
Enormous serpent
Many heads
Lived near swamps of Lerna
Lerna
Where Hydra lived
Swamp
Ceryneian Deer
Female magical animal
Gold antlers and brazen hooves
Belonged to Artemis
Erymanthian Boar
Heracles’ 4th labor
Lived on mount erymanthus in Arcadia
Heracles was to capture it
Chiron
Wise centaur
“Handy”
Immortal
Heracles’ poisoned arrows wounded him…. Paradoxical if nothing should kill him
Augeas
Son of Helius
Never cleaned the stables
Stymphalian Birds
Arrow firing wings
Amor-piercing beaks
6th labor of Heracles
Cretan bull
7th labor of Heracles was to capture it
Great animal that was summoned by the sea by Minos
Horses of Diomedes
Son of ares
Needed to capture
8th labor of Heracles
Dined on human flesh
Admetus
Who apollo was forced to serve under for a year thanks to Zeus.
Treated him well
Offered to let someone else take his place in death
King over a town in Thessaly
Girdle of Hippolyta
Belt
“Horse-tamer”
Amazing Queen
9th labor of Heracles
Cattle of Geryon
Needed to capture
10th labor of Heracles
Monster who had three bodies joined at the waist.
Had a demonic two headed dog–> orthus
Cacus
Three headed fire breathing monster
Stole cattle and hid them in a cave
Dealt with Heracles
Apples of the Hesperides
11th labor of Heracles
Apples grew on the tree that Zeus gave Hera for a wedding present
Ladon guarded over it= 100 headed serpent
Busiris
Son of Poseidon
Killed by Heracles
Dealt with the foreigners
Cerberus
Many headed guard dog
12th labor of Heracles
Needed to bring it back from he underworld
Iole
Prize in an archery contest Won by Heracles Father was eurytus Did not want to give her up in fear of Heracles killing her and her future children Heracles was still seeing with Deianira
Omphale
Queen of Lydia
Liked Heracles
Deianira
Killed Heracles
Heard of her when Heracles was in the underworld
He was told that he needed to marry her.
Was being offered in a wrestling match
Achelous
Also wanted Deianira
River god represented as a bull
Wrestled with Heracles for the girl
Nessus
Centaur
Ferried travelers for a small fee
His fluids ended up killing Heracles by the doing of Deianira and Heracles’ past life
Heraclids
All the children that Heracles left behind
Theseus
Athens greatest hero
Cecrops
Mortal
Many think Athens descended from him
Erichthomius
Early king of Athens
Succeeded cecrops
Birthed by Athena and Hephaestus
Pandion
Son of erichthonius
Bore two daughters
Aegeus
Erechtheus married creusa and bore four sons including him
Had the upper hand when over all of his brothers when their father died except for the fact that he couldn’t bore a son for an heir to the throne
Aethra
Pittheus’ daughter
Was sent to have sexual relations with aegeus because he knew his child would be a glorious one
Procrustes
Who Theseus killed in the last of his six tasks
Housed travelers
Had the two beds
Amazonomachy
“Battle with the amazons”
Was provoked by the abduction of antiope… Queen of the amazons
Hippolytus
Birthed by queen antiope
Son
“Breaker of horses”
Phaedra
Daughter of Minos
Theseus second wife after antiope
Bellerophon
Corinthian hero
Was caused of making advances to kings wife
King could not kill his guest friend so he sent him away by sea
Pirithous
Son of ixion
King of Lapiths
Lapiths
Thessalian tribe
Ruled over by pirithous
Centaurs
Half men half horse
Centauromachy
War between Lapiths and the centaurs
Marriage with the centaurs tackling the bride started it
Pissistratus
Sponsored the composition, Theseis
Famous leader of Athens
Europa
Daughter of Agenor
Zeus fell in love with her and came to her in the form of a bull
Minos
Zeus and Europa’s children
(Some of)
Became king if Crete
Pasiphae
Daughter of Helius
Married to Minos
Bore children: Ariadne, Phaedra, and the prince Androgeus
Daedalus
The greatest craftsman of all time
Pasiphae asked him for help
Minotaur
“The bull of Minos”
Man eating monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man
Icarus
Daedalus’ son
Imprisoned by the Minos into a labyrinth that his dad built. Was imprisoned with his dad….. Was for revenge of something Theseus did.
Cocalus
King of Camicus
On the coast if Sicily
Labyrinth
Complex maze that Daedalus designed.
In the center… Minos imprisoned the Minotaur.
Never could find a way out… People would just die because of the Minotaur.
Antigone
Daughter of Oedipus and the queen
Ismene
Daughter of Oedipus and the queen
Polynices
Son of Oedipus and the queen
Eteocles
Son of Oedipus and the queen
Adrastus
King of Argos
Learned that he must “yoke his daughters to a boar and a lion”
One of the seven heroes
Amphiaraus
One of the seven heroes
Arranged to marry eriphyle
Seer of the first rank
Realized that all of adrastsus’ team would die
Eriphyle
Adrastus’ sister
Was arranged to marry by the king amphiaraus
Epigoni
The sons of the original 7 heroes
Set out for a second expedition
Oedipus
“Swollen foot”
Birth parents: Laius and Jocasta
Adopted : polybus and merope
Would kill his birth father and marry his birth mother
Jocasta
Descendant of sparti
Married Laius
Laius
Son of Labdacus
Married Jocasta
Became king of Thebes
Sparti
“Sown men”
The five men who survived after Cadmus threw stones.
Principle aristocratic families of Thebes
Boeotia
Thebes was its principle city
