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MLT 110 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What removes dried oil from the lens the best?

A

Xylene

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2
Q

What is numerical aperture?

A

solide cone of light delivered to the specimen by the condenser and gathered by the objective

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3
Q

What is resolution?

A

ability of a microscope to reveal or separate fine detail

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4
Q

What is working distance?

A

distance from the objective to the top of the specimen, also called focal length

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5
Q

What is aberration?

A

imperfect refraction or focalization of a lens; inability to bring light rays to a single focus

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6
Q

What part of the microscope reflects the beam of light upward?

A

mirror

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7
Q

What part of the microscope directs and focuses the light from the light source up to the specimen?

A

condenser

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8
Q

What part of the microscope controls the amount of light?

A

iris diaphragm

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9
Q

How does the Brightfield microscope work?

A

uses daylight or light bulb with compound lens system

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10
Q

How does a dark field microscope work?

A

special condenser to make background appear dark while specimen is lighted; the condenser causes light waves to cross on the specimen instead of pass through it

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11
Q

How does a fluorescent microscope work?

A

UV light source and special filter to allow shorter wavelength to allow you to see fluorescence

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12
Q

How does a phase contrast microscope work?

A

special diaphragm into or below condenser to view unstained structures

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13
Q

How does a polarized microscope work?

A

special filter that takes ordinary light waves and allows only light waves of one orientation to pass through the filter and reach specimen; illuminates objects that can rotate light

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14
Q

How does an electron microscope work?

A

substitution of an electron beam for light rays to achieve greater resolution

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15
Q

What is field of view?

A

the lighted circle you see when you look through a microscope

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16
Q

What is MSDS?

A

material safety data sheet

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17
Q

What kind of information can a lab employee get from the MSDS?

A

describes potentially hazardous chemicals and how to work safely with these chemicals

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18
Q

What are the colors of the diamond hazard symbol?

A

red, yellow, white, blue

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19
Q

What does red indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

fire, scale 0-4

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20
Q

What does yellow indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

reactivity, scale 0-4

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21
Q

What does white indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

specific hazard

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22
Q

What specific hazards are indicated by a white diamond hazard symbol?

A

oxidizer, acid, alkali, corrosive, use no water, radiation

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23
Q

What does blue indicate on a diamond hazard symbol?

A

health hazard, scale 0-4

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24
Q

What is standard precaution?

A

treat all specimens as potentially infectious

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25
Q

Examples of Class A bioterrorism agents

A

anthrax, botulism, plague, small pox, tularemia, Ebola

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26
Q

Examples of Class B bioterrorism agents

A

C. perfringens, E. coli 0157, Salmonella, Shigella, ricin toxin, typhus

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27
Q

Examples of Class C bioterrorism agents

A

emerging pathogens that could be engineered

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28
Q

What is the single most effective way to reduce the possibility of contaminating yourself?

A

hand washing

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29
Q

How long is HBV stable in blood products at 25C?

A

up to 7 days

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30
Q

Where should contaminated materials be disposed?

A

biohazard containers

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31
Q

What should an employee do if they get caustic chemicals on their skin?

A

rinse thoroughly with large amounts of running tap water for 5 minutes

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32
Q

What should an employee do if they get caustic chemicals in their eyes?

A

wash out eyes thoroughly with running water for minimum of 15 minutes and notify physician immediately

33
Q

Safety features all clinical labs should have

A

fire extinguisher, safety shower, eye wash, safety glasses, fire blanket, first aid kit, spill kit, PPE

34
Q

What does TC stand for?

A

to contain

35
Q

What does TC mean?

A

contents of pipette should be rinsed out with the solution it is being added to

36
Q

What does TD stand for?

A

to deliver

37
Q

What does TD mean?

A

contents of pipette should be blown out

38
Q

What should glassware that resists normal cleaning be cleaned with?

A

solution of potassium or sodium dichromate and concentrated sulfuric acid

39
Q

What are two brand names of heat resistant glassware?

A

Pyrex and Kimax

40
Q

What is a volumetric or transfer pipette?

A

bulb in center calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid; used when great accuracy is needed

41
Q

What is a serological pipette?

A

graduated pipette delivers full volume mark to mark

42
Q

What is an Ostwald-Folin pipette?

A

bulb close to delivery tip; used for viscous liquids

43
Q

What is a graduated or measuring pipette?

A

delivers volume mark to tip

44
Q

What does an etched ring near the mouth of the pipette mean?

A

pipette should be blown out

45
Q

What is an Erlenmeyer flask?

A

flat bottom and sides that slope up to the neck; noncritical volumes, used for holding and mixing liquids, and preparing reagents

46
Q

What is a beaker?

A

wide mouth, straight sides, spout for pouring; used for estimating liquid amounts for mixing, heating, and storage

47
Q

What is a graduated cylinder?

A

cylindrical glass or plastic with several calibrated markings, available in 5mL to 2L; not used for precise volumes, but may be used for reagent water

48
Q

What is a volumetric or Florence flask?

A

calibrated and used for more precise measurements

49
Q

What is low actinic glass used for?

A

light sensitive solutions

50
Q

What is the most common material used for plastic ware?

A

polyethylene

51
Q

What is a primary standard?

A

reference material from which 99.95% of the chemical can be retrieved

52
Q

What is a secondary standard?

A

reference material in which analyte concentration has been ascertained by reference to primary standard

53
Q

What is AR?

A

analytical reagent that has a high degree of purity; most commonly used in clinical labs

54
Q

What is CP?

A

chemically pure; limit of impurities that are tolerated, suitable for general applications

55
Q

What is NF?

A

national formulary; less pure than CP, reagents meet specifications, used in medicines

56
Q

What is USP?

A

United States Pharmacopeia; less pure than CP, reagents meet specifications, used in medicines

57
Q

How is distilled water made?

A

boiled water, steam cooled, vapors collected, minerals remain behind; contains dissolved gases and organic solvents

58
Q

What is deionized water?

A

water passes through charged resin particles; particles combine with ions present in water to remove the substances carrying electrical charges

59
Q

What is double distilled water?

A

redistilled water with a higher degree of purity

60
Q

What is reagent grade water used for?

A

ideal for reconstituting chemistry and coag products, preparing standards, and rinsing electrodes

61
Q

How is reagent grade water made?

A

reverse osmosis, mixed bed deionization, activated carbon filtration, should be free of organic and inorganic particulate and soluble contaminants

62
Q

How should reagents and chemicals be stored?

A

cool dry area, properly labeled, proper temperature, and within easy reach

63
Q

What must a reagent label contain?

A

date it was made, name of the reagent, person who made it, cautions, and expiration date

64
Q

What is the expiration date of a reagent if it is not specified?

A

one month

65
Q

What steps must you take once you have transferred a chemical from the weigh boat into a receiving vessel to ensure an accurately prepared solution?

A

rinse weigh boat and funnel with solvent

66
Q

What is a fixed angle rotor centrifuge?

A

cups are positioned at a fixed angle

67
Q

What is a horizontal rotor centrifuge?

A

cups begin vertical but swing out horizontal while spinning

68
Q

What is an ultracentrifuge?

A

can reach high speeds and used to separate specimens that may take several hours or days; can reach 100,000 rpms

69
Q

What is a microhematocrit centrifuge?

A

used in hematology to centrifuge small amounts of blood for hematocrit determination

70
Q

What is a refrigerated blood bank centrifuge?

A

table or floor model can spin large amounts of blood and it is refrigerated

71
Q

What is a serofuge?

A

small centrifuge with only high/low speed for spinning serum and/or cell mixtures

72
Q

What is a cell washer?

A

used in blood bank to wash RBCs

73
Q

What is a cytospin centrifuge?

A

makes slides in a monolayer and used for body fluid analysis

74
Q

What is the accuracy of a trip balance?

A

0.1 g

75
Q

What is the accuracy of an analytical balance?

A

0.1 mg

76
Q

What is the proper placement of an analytical balance?

A

flat, stable surface, away from heat source or air current, away from high traffic or movement

77
Q

What does the glass enclosure on an analytical balance do?

A

protects the scale from air currents

78
Q

What does the balancing screws on an analytical balance do?

A

levels the balance

79
Q

What is the proper way to handle objects that are to be weighed?

A

with forceps or tongs

MLT 110 (5 decks)

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