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Physiology/Pathophysiology I > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Bronchial flow is what percent of total cardiac output?

A

1-2%

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2
Q

Bronchial Circulation (Pressure/Flow)

A

High-pressure

Low flow

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3
Q

Pulmonary Circulation (Pressure/Flow)

A

Low-pressure

High flow

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4
Q

Pulmonary artery compliance

A

7ml/mmHg

Due to shorter, thinner, larger diameter (less branching)

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5
Q

Right Atrium/Right ventricular diastolic

A

0-1 mm Hg

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6
Q

Right Ventricular Systolic/PA systolic pressure

A

25 mmHg

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7
Q

Mean pulmonary pressure

A

15 mmHg

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8
Q

PA diastolic blood presure

A

8mmHg

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9
Q

Pulmonary Capillary pressure

A

7 mmHg

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10
Q

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

A

5 mmHg

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11
Q

Left atrial pressure

A

2 mmHg

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12
Q

What percent of total blood volume does blood hold?

A

9%

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13
Q

What is the blood volume in pulmonary capillaries?

A

70 mls

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14
Q

Normal alveolar surface area

A

770ft^2 to 1076ft^2

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15
Q

How much can blood volume of lungs change?

A

1/2 normal to 2 times normal

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16
Q

Left heart failure/mitral valve problems can cause what percent increase in volume?

A

100% increase in volume

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17
Q

What alveolar PO2 stimulates surrounding arterials to constrict limiting flow to the alveoli?

A

Alveolar PO2 less than 73 mmHg

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18
Q

Pascal’s Hydrostatic Law

A

P = pgh (density, gravity, height)

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19
Q

Pressure increases how many mmHg for every mm?

A

Pressure increases 1 mmHg for every 13.6mm due to force of gravity

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20
Q

How many mm in a cm?

A

10 mm in a cm

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21
Q

What is the pressure in the right atrium?

A

Approximately 0mmHg as heart will pump any excess blood

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22
Q

How tall are the lungs?

A

30 cm tall

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23
Q

What is the total pressure difference of the lungs?

A

Lungs are 30 cm tall= 300 mm

300mm/13.6 = 23 mmHg

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24
Q

Pressure at the top of the lungs?

A

15 mmHg lower from level of heart

Pcap = 7 mmHg - 15 mmHg = -8 mm Hg

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25
Pressure at the bottom of lungs?
8 mmHg higher from level of heart | Pcap = 7 mmHg + 8 = 15 mmHg
26
Blood Flow Through Lungs (Zones)
Zone 1 = No blood flow at any time Zone 2=Intermittent Blood Flow (Flow during systole when pulmonary cap P is higher than alveolar P) Zone 3=Continuous blood flow
27
What type of blood flow is normally at the apex of lung?
Zone 2
28
What type of blood flow is normally in the rest of the lung (besides apex)?
Zone 3
29
How many can cardiac output increase during normal heavy exercise?
4 to 7 times normal
30
During exercise, how much do the number of open capillaries increase?
2x
31
During exercise, how much do capillaries decrease in overall resistance to flow?
3x
32
During left side failure, LA pressure can go as high as ____ to ____ mmHg?
40 to 50 mmHg
33
Pulmonary circulation can accomodate LA pressures up to approximately how many mmHg?
7 mmHg
34
LA pressure above how many mmHg will usually result in formation of pulmonary edema?
30 mmHg
35
During normal cardiac output, blood takes how long to travel through pulmonary capillaries?
0.8 seconds
36
During high cardiac output, blood can take how long to travel through pulmonary capillaries?
0.3 seconds
37
What is the systemic capillary pressure?
17 mmHg
38
Pulmonary interstitial fluid pressure
-5 to -8 mmHg
39
Systemic interstitial fluid pressure
-3 mmHg
40
Pulmonary interstitial oncotic pressure
14 mmHg
41
Systemic interstitial oncotic pressure
8 mmHg
42
Alveolar walls can be broke if interstitial pressure is greater than alveolar pressure. What pressure?
Greater than 0 mmHg
43
In humans, pulmonary capillary pressure must go from 7mmHg to _____ mmHg before edema formation.
28 mmHg
44
Lethal pulmonary edema
Pulmonary capillary pressure rises 25 to 30 mmHg (higher than safety level of 28 mmHg, patient will be dead in less than 30 minutes)
45
Pulmonary Edema Safety Level
28 mmHg
46
Lungs begin to compensate if pulmonary capillary pressure remains elevated for more than ____ weeks.
2 weeks
47
Large expansion in lymphatic blood vessels can increase carrying capacity up to _____ times normal.
10 x normal
48
Lungs compensating in chronic pulmonary edema allows patients w. chronic pulmonary capillary pressure greater than ______ mmHg to live without developing lethal pulmonary edema.
40 mmHg ( must occur gradually over time!!)
49
How much pressure keeps lungs expanded to normal resting size?
-4 mmHg
50
Ideal Gas Law
``` Pv=nRT p- partial pressure in atmospheres v- volume of gas occupies in liters n- amount of gas present t- temperature in degrees Kelvin r- gas constant (0.082) ```
51
What is the gas constant in pvnrt?
0.082
52
How many degrees C is 0 k?
0k= -273 degrees C
53
Boyle's Law
At constant temperature, pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas P1V1=P2V2 P is proportional to 1/V
54
Charle's Law
At constant pressure, the volume of the gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas V1/T1 = V2/T2 V is proportional to T
55
Gay-Lussac's Law
At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas P1/T1 = P2/T2 P is proportional to T
56
What is the pressure of atmospheric air?
760 mmHg
57
Water Vapor Pressure
47 mmHg
58
What percent of atmospheric air is N2, O2, and CO2?
N2: 79 % O2: 21% CO2: 0.04%
59
Partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in alveolar air
O2: 104.0 mmHg CO2: 40.0 mmHg
60
Partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in expired air
O2: 120.0 mmHg CO2: 27.0 mmHg
61
Henry's Law
[Gas]= (PPgas) x (Solubility Coefficient)
62
Oxygen solubility coefficients (2)
0. 024 ml O2/ Ml solution/ atmosphere | 0. 003 mlO2/ 100 ml solution/ mmHg
63
CO2 is ____ times more soluble than nitrogen.
57 x
64
CO2 is ___ times more soluble than Helium.
71 x
65
Diffusion Equation
D prop. (P)(A)(S)/ (d)(sq rt MW)
66
What percent of oxygen is dissolved in plasma?
3%
67
What percent of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin?
97%
68
Normal p50?
27 mmHg
69
37 degrees: ______ml% oxygen dissolved in each mmHg pressure
0.003 ml %
70
20 degrees: ______ml% oxygen dissolved in each mmHg pressure
0.004 ml %
71
What percent of CO2 is dissolved in the blood?
7% total co2 content | 0.07 ml CO2/dL/mmHg
72
What percent of total CO2 content in the blood is bound to protein?
23% (carbaminohemoglobin)
73
What percent of total CO2 content in the blood is chemically modified to HCO3-?
70%
74
Nonlethal Oxygen Limit
10-1000 mmHg
75
Nonlethal CO2 Limit
5-80 mmHg
76
Nonlethal Sodium ion limit
115-175 mmol/L
77
Nonlethal Potassium Ion limit
1.5-9.0 mmol/L
78
Nonlethal Calcium Ion Limit
0.5-2.0 mmol/L
79
Nonlethal Chloride Ion Limit
70-130 mmol/L
80
Nonlethal Bicarbonate Ion Limit
8-45 mmol/L
81
Nonlethal Glucose limit
20-1500 mg/dl
82
Nonlethal Body Temperature
65-110 F (18.3-43.3 C)
83
Nonlethal Acid-base pH
6.9-8.0 pH
84
How big are titin molecules?
3,000,000 Daltons
85
How big is a G-actin molecule?
42,000 Daltons
86
G-actin binding sites are staggered and have a binding site every _____ nanometers.
2.7 nanometers
87
How big are tropomyosin molecules?
70,000 Daltons
88
How long are tropomyosin molecules?
40 nm long
89
How many individual myosin molecules are in a myosin fiber?
200
90
How big is each myosin molecule?
480,000 Daltons
91
Anatomy of polypeptide chains in a myosin
6 polypeptide chains (2 heavy, 200,000 daltons each) (4 light, 20,000 daltons each)
92
Peak length of sarcomere in tension curve
2 - 2.2 microns
93
Law of Laplace
``` T = Px r T= total wall tension P= intraventricular pressure r= ventricular radius ```

Physiology/Pathophysiology I (5 decks)

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