Exam 3 Flashcards
that which an individual is entitled (by ethical, legal, or moral standards) to have, or to do,or to receive from others within the limits of the law
right
the level of participation and interaction between individuals and between subsystems.
boundaries
________ denote physical and psychological space individuals identify as their own.
Boundaries
a state of mental confusion and excitement characterized by disorientation to time and place, often with hallucinations, incoherent speech, and a continual state of aimless physical activity
delirium
difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
insomnia
a mental state in which there is a severe loss of contact with reality. symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech patterns, and bizarre or catatonic behaviors
psychosis
use of psychoactive drugs that poses significant hazards to health and interfers with social, occupational, psychological, or physical functioning
substance abuse
an interactive process of transmitting information between two or more entities
communication
a systematic, dynamic process by which the registered nurse, through interaction with the patient, family, groups, communities, populations, and health care providers, collects and analyzes data
assessment
a collection of individuals whose association is founded on shared commonalities of interest,values, norms, or purpose
group
the ability to see beyond outward behavior, and sense accurately another’s inner exeperiencing
empathy
the physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictive substance
withdrawal
thought processes that are focused on specifics rather than on generalities and immediate issues rather than eventual outcomes
concrete thinking
an idea that one holds to be true/ it can be rational, irrational, taken on fait, or a stereotypical idea
belief
an anesthetic used in veterinary medicine/ used illegally as a hallucinogen/ referred to as PCP or angel dust
phencyclidine
end results that are measurable, desirable, and observable, and translate into observable behaviors
outcomes
a dynamic, systematic process by which nurses assess, diagnose, identify outcomes, plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care
nursing process
relating to the mental processes of thinkin and reasoning
cognitive
a variety of elements that influence how an individual perceives and responds to a stressful event
predisposing factors
false personal beliefs, not consistent with a person’s intelligence or cultural background
delusions
study of the biological transmission of certain characteristics (physical and behavioral) from parent to offspring
genetics
a variety of responses that originate outside the pyramidal tracts and in the basal ganglion of the brain/ symptoms may include tremors, chorea, dystonia, akinesia, akathisia, and others.
extrapyramidal symptoms
restoration of the body to homeostasis following a physiological and/or psychological response to stress
adaptation
the separation of a thought or a memory from the feeling tone or emotions associated with it
isolation
harsh physical or verbal actions intended (either consciously or unconsciously) to harm or injure another
aggression
the composite of beliefs and feelings that one holds about oneself at a given time, formed from perception of others’ reactions
self concept
the behavioral expression of emotion; may be appropriate, inappropriate, constricted or blunted, or flat
affect
the need for increasingly larger or more frequent doses of a substance in order to obtain the desired effects originally produced by a lower dose
tolerance
refusal to acknowledge the existence of a real situation and/or the feelings associated with it
denial
maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual’s social, occupational, and/or physical functioning
mental illness
antipsychotic medication used to prevent or control psychotic symptoms
neuroleptic
medication that affects psychic function, behavior, or experience
psychotropic medication
muscular weakness; or a loss or partial loss of muscle movement; a type of extrapyramidal side effect associated with some antipsychotic medications
akinesia
extremely low levels of white blood cells/ symptoms include sore throat, fever, and malaise/ this may be a side effect of long term therapy with some antipsychotic medications
agranulocytosis
the part of the brain that is sometimes called the emotional brain
limbic system
a state of disequilibrium that occurs when there is a disharmony between demands occuring within an individual’s internal or external environment and his/her ability to cope with those
stress
a side effect of some antipsychotic medications/ symptoms mimic those of Parkinson’s disease, such as tremor, shuffling gait, drooling, and rigidity
psuedoparkinsonism
an attack of involuntary deviation and fixation of the eyeballs, usually in an upward position. may last for several minutes or hours and may occur as an extrapyramidal side effect of some medications
oculogyric crisis
a group of compounds that includes opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic substitutes
opioids
persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions
perserveration
the parrot-like repetition, by an individual with loose ego boudaries, of the words spoken by another
echolalia
a term that implies extreme suspiciousness
paranoia
characterized by persecutory delusions and hallucinations of a threatening nature
paranoid schizophrenia
a group of words that are put together in a random fashion without any logical connection
word salad
mental operations that relate to logic, awareness, intellect, memory, language, and reasoning powers
cognition
an individual’s sustained emotional tone, which significantly influences behavior, personality, and perception
mood
vague diffuse apprehension that is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness
anxiety
cessation of the neses; may be a side effect of some antipsychotic medications
amenorrhea
french for “middle” the english translation connotes surroundings or environment
milieu
new words that an individual invents that are meaningless to others, but have symbolic meaning to the psychotic person
neologsim
the voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures
posturing
a focus, inward on a fantasy world, while distorting or excluding the external environments; common in schizophrenia
autism
a form of psychotherapy, the goal of which is to modify maladaptive behavior patterns by reinforcing more adaptive behaviors
behavior therapy
attributing to another person feelings or impulses unacceptable to oneself
projection
restlessness; an urgent need for movement; a type of extrapyramidal side effect associated with some antipsychotic medications
akathisia
excessive demonstration of or obsession with religious ideas and behavior; common in schizophrenia
religiosity
the process of modifying one’s behavior in changed circumstances or an altered environment in order to fufill psychological, physiological, and social needs
adjustment
a unilateral severance of the professional relationship between a health care provider without reasonable notice at a time when there is still a need for continuing health care
abandonment
an alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that the feeling of one’s own reality is temporarily lost
depersonalization
the act of pleading for, supporting, or representing a cause or an indvidual
advocacy
a treatment modality aimed at changing undesirable behaviors, using a system of reinforcement to bring about the modifications desired
behavior modification
one of the three elements of the personality identified by Freud as the rational self
ego
a system in which the parts of the whole may be the marital dyad, parent-child dyad, or sibling groups
family system
an individual with loose ego boundaries attempting to identify with another person by imitating movments that the other person makes
echopraxia
a misperception of a real external stimulus
illusion
to use wrongfully or in a harmful way; improper treatment or conduct that may result in injury
abuse
a primitive form of thinking in which an individual believes that thinking about a possible occurrence can make it happen
magical thinking
psychological disequilibrium in a person who confronts a hazardous circumstance that constitutes an important problem that, for the time, he/she can neith escape nor solve with usual problem solving resources
crisis
enlargement of the breasts in mean; may be a side effect of some antipsychotic medications
gynecomastia
a retreat to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
regression
the inability to experience or even imagine any pleasant emotion
anhedonia
strong resistance to suggestions or directions; exhibiting behaviors contrar to what is expected
negativism
in learning, one shapes the behavior of another by giving reinforcements for increasingly closer approximations to the desired behavior
shaping
Freud’s term for the psychic energy used to fulfill basic physiological needs or instinctual drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexuality
libido
ejaculation of the seminal fluid backward into the bladder; may occur as a side effect of antipsychotic medications
retrograde ejaculation
a reinforcement stimulus that increases the probability that the behavior will recur
positive reinforcement
in speaking, the delay of an individual to reach the point of a communication, owing to unnecessary and tedious details
circumstantiality
a condition by which the individual with schizophrenia passively yields all movable parts of the body to any efforts made at placing them in certain positions
waxy flexibility
independence; self governance
autonomy
a group of people living closed to and depending to some extent on each other
community
the sucessful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms
mental health
the process used with individuals with dissociative identity disorder in an effort to bring al the personalities together into one; usually achieved through hypnosis
integration
the inability to get to the point of a story/ the speaker introduces many unrelated topics, until the original topic of discussion is lost
tangentiality
global impariment of coginitive functioning that is progressive and interferes with social and occupational abilities
dementia
a therapy group, founded in a specific theoretical framework, led by a person with an advanced degree in psychology, social work, nursing or medicine
group therapy
an attempt to increase self worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires
identification
an emergency type of assistance in which the intervener becomes a part of the individual’s life situation
crisis intervention
a pattern of speech in which the choice of words is governed by sounds/often takes the form of rhyming
clang association
educational opportunities through role play for the person with schizophrenia to learn appropriate social interaction skills and functional skills that are relevant to daily living
social skills training
extreme slowdown of physical movements; posture slumps; speech is slowed; digestion becomes sluggish; common in severe depression
psychomotor retardation
strategies employed by the ego for protection in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity
ego defense mechanisms
a demand from within an individual’s internal or external environment that elicits a physiological and/or psychological response
stressor
a type of bipolar disorder in which the predominant mood is elevated, expansive, or irritable. motor activity is frenzied and excessive, psychotic features may or may not be present
mania
two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and economic support
family
therapy that consists of a scientific structuring of the environment in order to effect behavioral changes and to improve the individual’s psychological health and functioning
milieu therapy
a drug that is administered to individuals who abuse alcohol a deterrent to drinking
disulfiram
syndrome of symptoms characterized by bizarre facial and tongue movements, a stiff neck, and difficulty swallowing
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary muscular movements of the face, arms, legs and neck ; may occur as an extrapyramidal side effect of some antipsychotic medications
dystonia
the human quality that gives meaning and sense of purpose to an individual’s existence
spirituality
thinking process characterized by speech in which ideas shift from one unrelated subject to another
associative looseness
a subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to the real or perceived los of valued entity.
grief
a rare but potentially fatal complication of treatment with neuroleptic drugs/ symptoms include severe muscle rigidity, high fever, tachycardia, fluctuations in blood pressure, diaphoresis, and rapid deterioration of mental status to stupor and coma
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
in cognitive therapy, when dysfunctional cognitions have been recognized, activities are identified that can be used to divert him/her from the intrustive thoughts or depressive ruminations that are contributing to the client’s maladaptive responses
distraction
a serious psychatric disorder in which there is a gross disorganization of the personality, a marked disturbance in reality testing, and the impairment of interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world
psychotic disorder
a frame of reference around which an individual organizes knowledge about his/her world. it includes an emotional element and can have a positive or negative connotation
attitude
a health care delivery process, the goals of which are to provide quality health care, decrease fragmentation, enhance the client’s quality of life, and contain costs
case management
a stimulus arising from the internal or external environment that is perceived by an individual as taxing or exceeding his/her resources and endangering his/her well being
precipitating event
