exam 3

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

mouth- salivary amylase
small intestine- pancreatic amylase&raquo_space;>

stored glycogen-breaks off maltose/glucose

Question 2

digestion

Answer 2

mouth- salivary amylase
small intestine- pancreatic amylase&raquo_space;>

stored glycogen-breaks off maltose/glucose

Question 3

digestion

Answer 3

mouth- salivary amylase
small intestine- pancreatic amylase&raquo_space;>

stored glycogen-breaks off maltose/glucose

Question 4

monosaccs

Answer 4

get absorbed + go via blood stream >liver glucose>goes out to body
Fructose>fatty acids>stored in abdominal adipose
gal>turns into glucose

Question 5

glycemic index

Answer 5

a foods effect in blood glucose level compared to a standard > white bread

Question 6

high glycemic

Answer 6

rapid/hi increase blood glucose
candy, white rice, soda, fruit
wears

Question 7

low glycemic

Answer 7

low/more steady increase blood glucose…

add fat or protein- slowing gastric emptying< functional fiber< pectin in apple

Question 8

high fructose corn syrup

Answer 8

corn starch>use enzymatic isomerization>turns glucose into frutose> 60% fructose
does not stimulate insulin so it does not stimulate leptin> get no satiety

Question 9

beverage difference over time

Answer 9

1977......soda(29%)      milk(50)
now ....           54                23 
2/3 teens > 1 soda/day
20 . 3 sodas/day
toddlers > 20%

Question 10

simple sugars in diet

Answer 10

less then 10% of total caloric intake

Question 11

monosaccs

Answer 11

get absorbed + go via blood stream >liver glucose>goes out to body
Fructose>fatty acids>stored in abdominal adipose
gal>turns into glucose

Question 12

glycemic index

Answer 12

a foods effect in blood glucose level compared to a standard > white bread

Question 13

high glycemic

Answer 13

rapid/hi increase blood glucose
candy, white rice, soda, fruit
wears

Question 14

low glycemic

Answer 14

low/more steady increase blood glucose…

add fat or protein- slowing gastric emptying< functional fiber< pectin in apple

Question 15

high fructose corn syrup

Answer 15

corn starch>use enzymatic isomerization>turns glucose into frutose> 60% fructose
does not stimulate insulin so it does not stimulate leptin> get no satiety

Question 16

beverage difference over time

Answer 16

1977......soda(29%)      milk(50)
now ....           54                23 
2/3 teens > 1 soda/day
20 . 3 sodas/day
toddlers > 20%

Question 17

simple sugars in diet

Answer 17

less then 10% of total caloric intake

Question 18

hormones that increase bld glucose

Answer 18

epinephrine- fight or flight>causes glycogenolysis(breakdown of glycogon into glucose)
cortisol-chroninc stress>gluconeogenesis(ccreating glucose from scratch)
growth hormone>growth during childhood(glyconeogenesis)
glucagon>working 24/7 during fasting(sleep) > glygenolysis gluconeogenesis

Question 19

glycemic index

Answer 19

a foods effect in blood glucose level compared to a standard > white bread

Question 20

high glycemic

Answer 20

rapid/hi increase blood glucose
candy, white rice, soda, fruit
wears

Question 21

low glycemic

Answer 21

low/more steady increase blood glucose…

add fat or protein- slowing gastric emptying< functional fiber< pectin in apple

Question 22

high fructose corn syrup

Answer 22

corn starch>use enzymatic isomerization>turns glucose into frutose> 60% fructose
does not stimulate insulin so it does not stimulate leptin> get no satiety

Question 23

beverage difference over time

Answer 23

1977......soda(29%)      milk(50)
now ....           54                23 
2/3 teens > 1 soda/day
20 . 3 sodas/day
toddlers > 20%

Question 24

simple sugars in diet

Answer 24

less then 10% of total caloric intake

Question 25

sweetners- benchmark

Answer 25

sucrose>4 cal/gram> dental caries>bacteria digestsugar>fatty acids>erode enamal>

Question 26

sugar alcohols

Answer 26

2-3 cal/gram > bacteria doesnt matabolize

Question 27

diabetic candy kids

Answer 27

too much cause diarrhea > dehydration

Question 28

saccharin

Answer 28

sweet and low 200x sweeter

Question 29

aspartane

Answer 29

equal 200x

Question 30

neotame

Answer 30

700-13000x heat stable

Question 31

sucralose

Answer 31

slenda 600x heat stable

Question 32

acesulfame k

Answer 32

sweetone 200x heat stable

Question 33

regulation of bld. glu

Answer 33

hyperglycemic> hi

hypoglycemic>low >40-50 ug/dL

Question 34

hormones that increase bld glucose

Answer 34

epinephrine- fight or flight>causes glycogenolysis(breakdown of glycogon into glucose)
cortisol-chroninc stress>gluconeogenesis(ccreating glucose from scratch)
growth hormone>growth during childhood(glyconeogenesis)
glucagon>working 24/7 during fasting(sleep) > glygenolysis gluconeogenesis

Question 35

insulin

Answer 35

lowers bld. glucose

produced in beta cells of islets of langerhansin pancreas

Question 36

how does insulin work

Answer 36

operates by binding a receptor on all body cells(except the brain and kidney)which causes a channel to open+glucose to enter cell

Question 37

type 1

Answer 37

10% > beta cells are killed by immune system

Question 38

type 2

Answer 38

90% receptors dont work. they are resistant to insulin cant open channels so bld glucose remains elevated.

Question 39

who did type 2 effect

Answer 39

adults until obese epidemic now in kids

Question 40

diagnosis

Answer 40

bld glucose
oral glucose challenge
hemoglobin a1c
presence of glucose in the urine

Question 41

bld glucose

Answer 41

fasting >100 mg/dL

random 126mg/dL

Question 42

hemoglobin a1c

Answer 42

hemoglobin a1c concentration in blood >7%

*moniter long term complience

Question 43

glucose challenge test

Answer 43

> 200 mg/dL @ 2 hrs

Question 44

systoms of ^ bld glucose

Answer 44

excessive thirst weight loss
increased urine output muscle cramps
blurred vision poor wound healing
fruity breath fatigue headache