exam 3 Flashcards
what GFR is character of stage 5 ESKD?
GFR < 15 mL/min
what action should be taken for management of stage 1 CKD?
- reduce exposure to nephrotoxins
- manage HTN, DM, anatomic/urinary tract abnormalities
How much does serum creatinine have to increase within 48 hrs to be considered AKI?
≥ 0.3 mg/dL
how much does serum creatinine have to increase within 7 days to be considered AKI?
≥ 1.5 X baseline
how much does UOP have to decrease to be considered AKI?
<0.5mL/kg/h
what are 7 causes of AKI?
- sepsis
- circulatory shock
- cardiac surgery (CBP)
- nephrotoxic drugs
- radiocontrast agents
- CKD
- DM
what causes prerenal aki?
drop in blood pressure (shock)
what causes intrarenal aki?
direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection or reduced blood supply
what causes postrenal aki?
sudden obstruction of urine flow (BPH, stones, tumor, etc.)
what treatment is necessary for stage 5 CKD?
RRT or transplant
what is the leading cause of death for patients with CKD?
arrhythmia/cardiac arrest
what is DDS?
symptoms related to rapid shift in fluid/electrolytes following HD
what meds may be used to prevent kidney transplant rejection?
- prograf (tacrolimus)
- cellcept (mycophenolate)
- prednisolone
what is the most common type of MS?
how does it present?
relapsing-remitting type
characterized by remissions and exacerbations, where they return to baseline
what is expected for CSF in MS?
increased myelin proteins and WBCs
how many areas must plaques be seen on an MRI for confirmation of MS diagnosis?
- presence of plaques in at least 2 areas
what are expected findings of neurogenic shock?
hypotension and bradycardia
what is the goal MAP for neurogenic shock?
MAP 80-90
what meds may be used to treat hypotension in a pt w/neurogenic shock?
- dopamine
- norepi
- dobutamine
- epi
- phenylephrine
what may be used in the tx of bradycardia w/neurogenic shock?
atropine or pacemaker
what does sciatic nerve pain feel like?
burning/stabbing down leg or foot
how may cervical back pain present?
- burning, stabbing pain down arm
- pain in neck , back or shoulders
- headache
