exam 2 Flashcards
what actions should the nurse take to limit the spread of venom for a client who was bitten by a snake?
- immobilize limb at heart level
- remove constrictive clothing/jewelry
what actions should be avoided for snake bites?
DO NOT:
- apply tourniquet
- apply ice
- incise the wound
what symptoms are associated with acute mountain sickness?
anorexia, chills, apathy (hangover-like), orthostatic hypotension
what symptoms are associated with high-altitude cerebral edema?
- extreme apathy
- ataxia (impaired muscle coordination)
- confusion
- mental status changes
- cranial nerve dysfunction
- death from brain swelling
- inability to perform ADLs
what symptoms are associated with high-altitude pulmonary edema?
- fatigue/weakness
- dry cough initially
- crackles
- pink frothy sputum
- SOB
what medication can be given 24 hr before ascent and 2 days into a trip to prevent altitude-related illness?
Diamox (oral acetazolamide)
how does Diamox work?
increases excretion of excess fluid and induces metabolic acidosis
what are patients at risk for who have taken Diamox?
respiratory alkalosis
what allergies should be evaluated before giving Diamox?
sulfa allergies
why is dexamethasone given for moderate-severe altitude-related illness?
decreases cerebral edema and acts as an anti-inflammatory in the CNS
why may viagra be given to a patient with altitude-related illness?
induces pulmonary vasodilation
which tag is given for pts who will not survive without immediate intervention, but have a chance of survival?
red tags
which tag is given for pts who require observation, as they are currently stable and not in immediate danger of death?
yellow tags
which tag is given fir patients who are considered the “walking wounded” and can wait for care?
green tags
which tag is given for patients who have minor injuries and do not require doctors care?
white tags
which tag is given for patients who are deceased or will not be able to survive given the care that is available?
black tags
which condition are Kaposis sarcoma associated with?
AIDs
what do Kaposis sarcoma look like?
- reddish-purple skin lesions
- hyperpigmented lesions that are firm, flat, raised or nodular
which precaution is necessary to prevent the spread of HIV?
standard precautions
what do antiretroviral medications do for HIV?
inhibits viral replication
what are some causes of hypovolemic shock?
- dehydration
- hemorrhage
- surgery
- liver disease
- cancer therapy
- vomiting/diarrhea
- DKA
- diabetes insipidus
how often should vitals be taken until shock resolves?
Q 15
what is cardiogenic shock most commonly associated with?
acute myocardial infarction
what happens to cardiac output during cardiogenic shock?
decreases significantly
