Exam 3

Question 1

Two dimensions of attention:

Answer 1

direction: inwards vs outward
ex). daydreaming vs focusing on external stimuli

focus: broad or narrow

Question 2

How is memory affected in ASC

Answer 2

Thinking and emotion
short term memory- focusing on a thought while under the influence
changes in perception of time

Question 3

very low arousal impacts

Answer 3

metabolic rate

need less food or oxygen

Question 4

very high arousal

Answer 4

ritual frenzies- seen in religious rituals

Question 5

changes in arousal impact

Answer 5

every aspect of mental functioning

Question 6

Mapping ASC: what are the different maps

Answer 6

Tart’s map
Laurey’s map
Hobson’s AIM model

Question 7

Tart’s map

Answer 7

“discrete states of consciousness”
Two dimensions: irrationality and ability to hallucinate
Moving out of a region: forbidden zone
Can’t be anywhere in between

Question 8

Laurey’s map

Answer 8

Two dimensions: arousal and awareness of environment
need to be awake in order to be aware… exceptions to this rule

Question 9

Hobson’s AIM model

Answer 9

Brain-mind space
A: activation energy
I: input source
M: mode
States can be positioned using data from behavioral and physiological studies

Question 10

Meditation depth

Answer 10

Three dimensions:
Mystical experience
Nirvana
Mental and bodily relaxation

Question 11

Maps from other spiritual practitioners

Answer 11

One-dimensional evolutionary types
hard to define concepts (cosmos, karma, ego, faith, energy, unconscious).

Question 12

What drug class is MDMA?

Answer 12

Stimulant

Question 13

How is MDMA related to amphetamine

Answer 13

derived

Question 14

3 main effects of MDMA

Answer 14

Inhibits serotonin reuptake
induces release of serotonin
induces release of dopamine

Question 15

MDMA: possible long-term damage to the

Answer 15

serotonergic system

Question 16

General effects of MDMA

Answer 16

mix of amphetamine and psychedelic
increased energy, enhanced sensations, feelings of love and empathy

Question 17

MDMA is often taken to explore

Answer 17

spiritual purposes

Question 18

Newer research shows MDMA may be a treatment option for

Answer 18

PTSD and anxiety

Question 19

Most anesthetics do not produce

Answer 19

profound altered states of consciousness

Question 20

Nitrous oxide or “laughing gas” is important for ___ in the brain.

Answer 20

learning and memory

Question 21

NO works as a ____ neurotransmitter in the brain, ______.

Answer 21

retrograde, intracellular signaling

Question 22

NO improves___ in the brain.

Answer 22

blood flow

Question 23

Effects of NO

Answer 23

Euphoria, pain-killing

Question 24

Ketamine is a

Answer 24

dissociative anesthetic

Question 25

Ketamine can induce

Answer 25

schizotypical symptoms and nightmares

Question 26

main action of ketamine

Answer 26

NMDA antagonist

also inhibits reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline

Question 27

Ketamine disrupts

Answer 27

attention, working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory.

Question 28

ketamine can be used for treatment in

Answer 28

schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression

Question 29

“k-hole”

Answer 29

extreme dissociation, derealization, body dissolution, out of body or near death experiences

Question 30

psychedelic

Answer 30

“mind manifesting”

Question 31

Psychotomimetic

Answer 31

madness-mimicking

Question 32

hallucinogenic

Answer 32

hallucination-inducing

Question 33

Psycholytic

Answer 33

loosening of the mind

Question 34

Entheogen

Answer 34

releasing the god within