Exam 3 Flashcards
Two dimensions of attention:
direction: inwards vs outward
ex). daydreaming vs focusing on external stimuli
focus: broad or narrow
How is memory affected in ASC
Thinking and emotion
short term memory- focusing on a thought while under the influence
changes in perception of time
very low arousal impacts
metabolic rate
need less food or oxygen
very high arousal
ritual frenzies- seen in religious rituals
changes in arousal impact
every aspect of mental functioning
Mapping ASC: what are the different maps
Tart’s map
Laurey’s map
Hobson’s AIM model
Tart’s map
“discrete states of consciousness”
Two dimensions: irrationality and ability to hallucinate
Moving out of a region: forbidden zone
Can’t be anywhere in between
Laurey’s map
Two dimensions: arousal and awareness of environment
need to be awake in order to be aware… exceptions to this rule
Hobson’s AIM model
Brain-mind space
A: activation energy
I: input source
M: mode
States can be positioned using data from behavioral and physiological studies
Meditation depth
Three dimensions:
Mystical experience
Nirvana
Mental and bodily relaxation
Maps from other spiritual practitioners
One-dimensional evolutionary types
hard to define concepts (cosmos, karma, ego, faith, energy, unconscious).
What drug class is MDMA?
Stimulant
How is MDMA related to amphetamine
derived
3 main effects of MDMA
Inhibits serotonin reuptake
induces release of serotonin
induces release of dopamine
MDMA: possible long-term damage to the
serotonergic system
General effects of MDMA
mix of amphetamine and psychedelic
increased energy, enhanced sensations, feelings of love and empathy
MDMA is often taken to explore
spiritual purposes
Newer research shows MDMA may be a treatment option for
PTSD and anxiety
Most anesthetics do not produce
profound altered states of consciousness
Nitrous oxide or “laughing gas” is important for ___ in the brain.
learning and memory
NO works as a ____ neurotransmitter in the brain, ______.
retrograde, intracellular signaling
NO improves___ in the brain.
blood flow
Effects of NO
Euphoria, pain-killing
Ketamine is a
dissociative anesthetic
Ketamine can induce
schizotypical symptoms and nightmares
main action of ketamine
NMDA antagonist
also inhibits reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline
Ketamine disrupts
attention, working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory.
ketamine can be used for treatment in
schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression
“k-hole”
extreme dissociation, derealization, body dissolution, out of body or near death experiences
psychedelic
“mind manifesting”
Psychotomimetic
madness-mimicking
hallucinogenic
hallucination-inducing
Psycholytic
loosening of the mind
Entheogen
releasing the god within
