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criminal justices > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 10

A

CORRECTIONS

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2
Q

Hands-off policy

A

Judges should not interfere with the administration of correctional institutions

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3
Q

Cooper v. Pate (1964)

A

Prisoners are entitled to the protection of Civil Rights Act of 1871 and may challenge in federal courts the conditions of their confinement

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4
Q

Gagnon v. scarpelli (1973)

A

Before probation can be revoked, a two-stage hearing must be held and the offender must be provided with specific elements of due process. Requested counsel will be allowed on a case-by-case basis. Requested

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5
Q

Hudson v. Palmer (1984)

A

prison officials have the authority to search cells and confiscate any materials found

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6
Q

Morrissey V. Brewer (1972)

A

Due process rights require a prompt, informal, two-stage inquiry handled by an impartial hearing officer before parole may be revoked. The parolee may present relevant information and confront the witness

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7
Q

Wolff V. McDonnell (1974)

A

Basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made about imposing significant punishments on prisoners for violating institutional rules

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8
Q

Why do we have private prisons and what are the concerns?

A
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9
Q

What led to prisoner’s rights movements?

A
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10
Q

What are the constitutional rights of prisoners?

A
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11
Q

Chapter 11

A

INCARCERATION AND PRISON SOCIETY

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12
Q

Classification

A

The process of assigning an inmate to a category based on his or her risk to security, educational level, ability to work, and readiness for release

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13
Q

Custodial model

A

A model of incarceration that emphasizes security, discipline, and order

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14
Q

commissary

A

a store within a correctional facility, from which inmates may purchase products such as hygiene items, snacks, writing instruments, etc.

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15
Q

Disorganzied criminal

A

a disorganized offender is a type of serial killer classified by unorganized and spontaneous acts of violence.

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16
Q

Doing time

A

to be in prison for some time: to serve all or part of a prison sentence.

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17
Q

Gleaning

A

inmates who take advantage of rehabilitation, educational, and vocational opportunities while serving time

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18
Q

Inmate code

A

The values and norms of the prison social system that define the inmate’s idea of the model prisoner

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19
Q

Jailing

A

an institution authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants

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20
Q

Rehabilitation model

A

A model of corrections that emphasizes the need to restore a convicted person to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy

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21
Q

Reintegration model

A

A correctional model that emphasizes maintaining the individual’s ties to family and community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to society

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22
Q

What are the three models of incarceration

A
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23
Q

how is prison administration organized? And what are the roles of correctional officers?

A
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24
Q

Who is in prison? (gender, Age Race, Type of offense)

A
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25
Q

How do inmates adapt to prison life? (inmate codes, underground economy)

A
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26
Q

What contributes to violence in prison (individual & prison factors)?

A
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27
Q

Chapter 12

A

PROBATION AND INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS

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28
Q

Boot camp

A

A short-term institutional sentence is usually followed by probation, which puts the young or first-time lawbreaker through a physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for authority. Also referred to as shock incarceration.

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29
Q

Community service

A

A sentence requiring the individual to perform unpaid labor in the community

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30
Q

Day reporting center

A

A community correctional center where a sentenced individual reports each day to comply with the requirements of the punishment imposed by the judge

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31
Q

Fine

A

A sum of money to be paid to the state by a convicted person, as punishment for an offense.

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32
Q

Forfeiture

A

Government seizure of property and other assets derived from or used in criminal activity

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33
Q

Home Confinement

A

A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside their home during specified periods.

34
Q

intensive supervision probation (ISP)

A

Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with limited caseload

35
Q

Net widening

A

Process in which new sentencing options increase rather than reduce control over offenders’ lives.

36
Q

Recidivism

A

A return to criminal behavior

37
Q

Restitution

A

Repayment-in the form of money or service by an offender to a victim who has suffered some loss from the offense

38
Q

Technical violation

A

The probationer’s failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation as specified by the judge resulting in grounds fir revocation of probation

39
Q

What is probation and what is its assumption

A
40
Q

what is the role of probation officers?

A
41
Q

How will you get out of probation?

A
42
Q

What are the problems with probation and private probation?

A
43
Q

What are the different types of intermediate sanctions? How are they different from one another?

A
44
Q

Chapter 13

A

REENTRY INTO THE COMMUNITY

45
Q

Conditions of release

A

Conduct Restrictions that people on parole must follow as legally binding requirements of being released

46
Q

Discretionary release

A

The release of an individual from prison to conditional supervision at the discretion of the parole board, within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law.

47
Q

Expiration release

A

The release from incarceration, without further correctional supervision, after a specified term of imprisonment

48
Q

Furlough

A

The temporary release of a person from a correctional institution for a brief period, usually one to three days, for a home visit. Such programs help maintain family ties and prepare people for release on parole.

49
Q

Halfway house

A

A correctional facility housing people convicted of felonies who spend a portion of their at work In the community but reside in the halfway house during nonworking hours.

50
Q

Mandatory release

A

the required release of an inmate from incarceration to community supervision upon the expiration of a certain period minus good time credits through specifications in sentencing laws.

51
Q

Other conditional release

A

A term used in some states to avoid the rigidity of mandatory release by placing people leaving prison in various community settings, under supervision

52
Q

Parole

A

The conditional release of someone from incarceration, under supervision, after part of the prison sentence has been served

53
Q

Work and educational release

A

The daytime release of people from correctional institutions so they can work or attend school

54
Q

What is parole? what concepts does it rest on?

A
55
Q

Who gets to do parole? what are the different ways people may or may not get to parole?

A
56
Q

What are the community programs that help parolees to get back into society? How are they different from one another?

A
57
Q

What are the challenges parolees face?

A
58
Q

Chapter 14

A

JUVENILE JUSTICE

59
Q

Aftercare

A

The juvenile justice equivalent of parole, in which a juvenile is released from a custodial sentence and supervised in the community

60
Q

Delinquent

A

A child who has committed an act that if committed by an adult would be a criminal act.

61
Q
A
62
Q

Dependent child

A

A child who has no parent or guardian or whose parent who cannot give proper care

63
Q

Detention hearing

A

A hearing by the juvenile court to determine if a juvenile is to be detained or released prior to adjudication

64
Q

Diversion

A

the process of screening children out of the juvenile justice system without a decision by the court

65
Q

Neglected child

A

A child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of their parents

66
Q

Parens patriae

A

The state as parents; the state as guardian and protector of all citizens (such as juveniles) who cannot protect themselves

67
Q

PINS

A

Acronym for person(s) in need of supervision, a term that designates juveniles who have committed status offenses or are thought to be on the verge of trouble

68
Q

Status offense

A

Any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child, such as truancy or running away from home, but that would not be a crime if it were committed by an adult.

69
Q

Wavier

A

The procedure by which the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court

70
Q

Breed V. Jones (1975)

A

Juveniles can not be found delinquent in juvenile court and then transferred to adult court without a hearing on the transfer; to do so violates the protection against double jeopardy

71
Q

In re Gault (1967)

A

juveniles have the right to counsel, to confront and examine accusers, and to be adequate notice of chargers when confinement is a possible punishment

72
Q

In re Winship (1970)

A

The standard of proof “beyond a reasonable doubt” applies to juvenile delinquency proceedings

73
Q

McKeiver V. Pennsylvania (1971)

A

juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by jury

74
Q

Schall V. Martin (1984)

A

juveniles can be held in preventive detention if there is concern that they may commit additional crimes while awaiting court action

75
Q

What is the trend of Youth Crime in the United States?

A
76
Q

How has the Juvenile Justice system developed over time? What are the different periods and how do they differ from one another?

A
77
Q

How does the terminology used in the juvenile justice system and the adult justice system differ?

A
78
Q

How will a juvenile offender be processed through the juvenile justice system

A
79
Q

What are some problems and challenges we face in he juvenile justice system?

A
80
Q
A

criminal justices (3 decks)

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