Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between kinetics and thermodynamics?
Kinetics is how fast a reaction occurs (rate) and the steps involved, while thermodynamics is the energy changes in a reaction, determining whether a reaction is energetically favorable or not
Where is the transition state?
The tip of the hill
Rate
Change in concentration over time
Which factors change the rate?
- Identity of the reactants and products
- Concentration
- Temperature
- Is a catalyst present
Differential vs Integrated Rate Law
Differential: Rate as a function of concentration
Integrated: Rate as a function of time
Zeroth order is linear when
[A]t = -kt + [A]o
First order is linear when
ln[A] across time
Second order is linear when
1/[A] across time
Collision theory
(How temp and concentration affect it)
Molecules must collide with enough kinetic energy and right orientation for a chemical reaction to occur
Temperature: More energy to collide
Concentration: More molecules to collide with
Activation energy
Energy required to start the reaction
Which step is the rate determining step?
The slowest intermediate step
How do catalysts work?
They lower the activation energy by bringing molecules closer to each other
Why are nuclear reactions different from ordinary reactions?
Mass is not conserved
