Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the purpose of qualitative research? (4)
- Make sense of reality
- Describe and explain social world
- Develop explanatory models and theories
- Develop description of phenomenon
What are the 5 qualitative approaches?
narrative inquiry, ethnography, phenomenology, case study, grounded theory
What is narrative inquiry?
focuses on stories of individuals to bring understanding to the lived experiences of people
- stories can represent a broader social experience in society
- can breathe meaning into experiences
- takes into account both what people tell us and how their shared realities are constructed
- pulls themes from stories
What is ethnography?
asks questions pertaining to understanding culture
- describing and interpreting shared attributes of a cultural group
- immersed in culture or exploring sub-cultures within physical activity, sport and exercise
What is culture?
beliefs, behaviours, norms, attitudes, social arrangements that form patterns in the lives of group members
- culture of our groups impact what we think, think and do
- A group of 2 or more people who interact with one another, share similar attributes and collectively have a sense of unity and togetherness
What is phenomenology?
Investigation of a phenomenon or concept
- Phenomenon refers to the occurrence of an event or situation, often unique ones
- Capture how a phenomenon is perceived by a participant
- Supports investigation into the meaning people give the experiences they have instead of looking solely for explanations
What is a case study?
Examining the complexity and distinctiveness of a case within an important circumstance or event
- Used to look at individuals or groups
- Bound by place and time
- Produces detailed description of the case
- relative age effect
What is grounded theory?
Generation and analysis of data to create a theory
- comparing data against each other to find differences and similarities
How do you sample for qualitative data?
recruit people who can help you answer the research question
- still have inclusion criteria
- sample can include individuals, organizations, schools, teams
What are the different kinds of sampling? (4)
Purposeful sampling, extreme case sampling, maximum variation sampling, snowball sampling
What is purposeful sampling?
Recruiting a sample of information-rich participants who will inform an understanding of the topic being studied
What is extreme case sampling?
Recruiting participants who are outliers in a topic
ex. NBA players who are below 5’8”
What is maximum variation sampling?
Recruiting participants who have a wide range of experiences and perspectives on a topic
What is snowball sampling?
Participants identify other participants that fit the purpose of the study to recruitment inclusion criteria
What do you need in a sample size?
Attempt to generalize to a larger population
- Goal is to provide an in-depth description an understanding of the topic being examined
- Smaller samples compared to quantitative
- Saturation - recruitment until no or very little new info is coming forward through data generation
What are the 4 types of qualitative data?
Documents - journals, meeting minutes
Audiovisual material - videos, blogs, websites
Observations - noting a phenomenon in the field setting through senses of the observer
Interviews - can be structured, semi-structured, conversational, one-on-one, focus group, face-to-face, telephone, internet
What is bias in qualitative research?
deviation from the truth in data collection, data analysis, interpretation leading to false conclusions
- don’t try to control for bias in qualitative, we acknowledge and address it
What is positionality?
researchers can minimize bias by disclosing their opinions and thoughts on a topic along with their worldview
- Used to state the researchers viewpoint within the social and political context of the study
What is credibility?
Internal validity of qualitative research
- related to congruence of qualitative findings with the lived world of the consumers of the research
- does it add up, does it seem truthful or trustful
How to increase credibility?
Adoption of well-established research methods, development of early familiarity with the culture of participating organizations/community, random sampling of individuals to serve as informants, ensure honesty, etc.
What is transferability?
External validity of qualitative research
- Concerned with the degree to which results can be applied to other settings
What is dependability?
most similar to reliability
- main difference - goal is not to replicate study and achieve same result but to repeat study with understanding that results will be different due to different time
What is confirmability?
objectivity
- ensuring works findings are the result of the experiences and ideas of the informants rather than the characteristics and preferences of the reader
What is knowledge mobilization?
umbrella term encompassing a wide range of activities relating to the production and use of research results
- making evidence accessible, understandable, and useful for knowledge users
What 3 things does KM do?
raises awareness and prompts change, brings people together, puts knowledge into action
How does KM raise awareness and prompt change?
- draws attention to issues that matter
- improves the ways in which knowledge is shared and helps bring about more effective and sustainable change
- can lead to changes in perspectives or behaviour, can prompt cultural shifts within organization or sector, can inform research and help improve client care and outcomes
How does KM bring people together?
- we value relationships with mutual benefit
- empowers people to cooperate, collaborate and share knowledge about an area of common interest
- promotes fruitful conversations between those who create knowledge and those who use knowledge with a shared desire to solve problems
- can help us better understand each other’s perspectives, experiences, language and needs
- helps bring people together to work as a team
How does KM put knowledge into action?
-communicating what you learned with those who can act upon is powerful
- when we’re slow to use knowledge, it loses its power
- Help ensure that what we do is based on the best evidence available by keeping us connected to research and other sources on info
- bridges the gap between what is known or available and what is done or used
- gets the right info into the hands of those who can use it to improve outcomes
What are the 5 considerations for planning KM?
what, why, who, how, when (measure)
Why is it hard to change behaviours?
default or status quo bias, tendency to stick with what we do or know, requires person to disrupt a current habit, fostering a new possibly unfamiliar set of actions, takes time, etc.
What is message tailoring?
presenting information in a manner that best fits an individuals needs and characteristics
- increases message prominence and the impact of the message on behaviour
- include specific identifying characteristics of the individual
- groups segmented by demographic characteristics
What are sticky ideas?
SUCCES
Simple - simple is easier to understand
Unexpected - catching audience off guard with something unexpected will make it memorable
Concrete - concrete over abstract
Credible - message will have more impact
Emotional - more memorable
Stories -
