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CPL 410 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

Housing, Economic Development, & Growth Management,

1
Q

Define Housing Affordability Gap

A

The gap between median home prices and median household income.

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2
Q

What are the major components of the cost of housing?

A
  1. Land cost
  2. Land/site improvement cost
  3. Construction or hard cost
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3
Q

What are the root causes of the housing affordability crisis in Rhode Island?

A
  1. Housing supply is low
  2. Demand for housing is high
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4
Q

What are the outcomes of the housing affordability crisis?

A
  • Overcrowding in some existing housing units.
  • Homelessness
  • Impeding economic development
  • Out-Migration
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5
Q

What are the two goals of economic development planning?

A
  1. Create jobs with meaningful wages and benefits
  2. Expand community’s tax base
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6
Q

Define Underemployment

A
  • A person working for jobs that are low-wage and require no skills when the person has skills
  • A person looking for a full-time job cannot find it and is satisfied with a part-time job
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7
Q

What are four major reasons for loss of jobs in an area?

A
  1. Businesses closing down
  2. Businesses moving out of the area
  3. Business downsizing
  4. Changes in technology replacing the labor
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8
Q

What are five major reasons for relocation of business from one area to another area?

A
  1. Reduce the most of making business
    - Salaries and benefits
    - Taxes
  2. Receive sizable incentives
    - Tax incentives
    - Low-interest loans & grants
    - Benefits from government investments in infrastructure
  3. Availability of skilled labor force
  4. Being closer to big markets
  5. Avoid “labor unions” and “environmental regulations”
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9
Q

What is the role of state government to promote economic development?

A
  1. Offering big incentive packages to attract new businesses
  2. Offering to help existing business to expand
  3. Training labor force and investments in education
  4. Investment in public utilities and services
  5. Advertising and promotion
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10
Q

What is the four-step approach to economic development planning at the local level?

A
  1. Conducting a needs assessment
  2. Market evaluation
  3. Assessment of consequences
  4. Plan formulation
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11
Q

What are six major issues in environmental planning?

A
  1. Human activity has damaged the natural environment overtime.
  2. Environmental problems include land, water, air, and noise pollution.
  3. Environmental problems are not confined within political boundaries.
  4. Environmental concerns are both local and global.
  5. Environmental issues and concerns are tied heavily to economic and political issues.
  6. Federal government has a major responsibility in addressing environmental problems and concerns.
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12
Q

What are the four major objectives of environmental planning?

A
  1. Minimize threats to human health and life
  2. Minimize damage to environment for its own sake rather than humanity’s sake
  3. Promote sustainable development by balancing economic development with the goal of preserving and protecting the environment
  4. Preserve and conserve natural environmental resources for future generations
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13
Q

What is the federal agency responsible for the protection of the environment?

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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14
Q

What processes are required in NEPA?

A

NEPA requires “Environmental Assessments” and “Environmental Impact Statements” as a precondition for projects making use of federal funds.

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15
Q

What are the requirements for NEPA?

A
  1. Environmental Assessment (EA)
    - Brief document about project and the needs for it
    - Environmental impacts of the project
    - Alternative actions
    - List of persons and agencies consulted
    - EA is a public document
  2. The EA either concludes that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is necessary or that there is a “finding of no significant impact” in which case an EIS is not required.
  3. Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
    - Discussion of purpose of and need for proposed action
    - Alternatives to the proposed action
    - Analysis of the environmental consequences of the proposed action and alternatives
    - List of persons who prepared the document
    - List of agencies and persons the document has been mailed
  4. Draft EIS is then circulated for both official and public comments.
    - After considering the comments, then the final EIS is prepared
  5. A “comment period” is provided after the final EIS is prepared
  6. Then the final decision is made
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16
Q

What are the five major tasks of environmental planning at the local level?

A
  1. Control the type of development within a community
  2. Control the intensity of development based upon environmental constraints found on the land
  3. Direct buildings/roads/parking lots away from environmentally sensitive areas of the site using cluster conservation subdivision design
  4. Control the operation once development is complete (maintain vigilance on post-development activities by use of site monitoring)
  5. Control “Public Capital Investment” and its impact on future development
17
Q

What does NEPA stand for?

A

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

18
Q

What does EPA stand for?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

19
Q

What does EA stand for?

A

Environmental Assessment

20
Q

What does EIS stand for?

A

Environmental Impact Statement

21
Q

Define Growth Management Planning

A

The regulation of the amount, timing, location, and character of development

22
Q

What geographic levels is Growth Management generally praticed?

A
  • State
  • Local
23
Q

What are the eight major objectives of Growth Management Planning?

A
  1. Preserve community character and identity
  2. Promote a desirable pattern of development
  3. Conserve agricultural land and valuable open space
  4. Prevent sprawl
  5. Avoid environmental problems
  6. Ensure public facilities will be adequate for future needs
  7. Reduce traffic congestion
  8. Ensure fiscal health of community
24
Q

What are some early examples of states with Growth Management plans in 1960’s, 1970’s, and 1980’s?

A
  • The first statewide land-use controls was initiated ini Hawaii in the early 1960s. The objectives were to limit growth, protect agricultural land, and the scenic beauty.
  • The state of Vermont instituted a land-use control system in 1970 for somewhat of the same reasons
  • The state of Oregon had a growth management plan since 1973
  • The state of Florida enacted its Growth Management Act in 1985
25
Q

What are three major approaches to Growth Management Planning at the local level?

A
  1. Limit the amount of New Growth: Building Permit Cap
  2. Influence the timing of new growth: phased growth
  3. Direct and manage new growth
26
Q

What are examples of winners and losers of Growth Management pratice.

A

Winners:
- Those who already own developed property.
Losers:
- Those who would like to own property or rent
- Owners of undeveloped land
- Builders, construction workers, and real estate brokers

CPL 410 (2 decks)

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