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CPL 410 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Comprehensive Planning, Tools of Land-Use Planning, Urban Design, and Transportation Planning

1
Q

Define Comprehensive Plan

A

A plan to guide the development of the community and addresses issues related to public health, public safety, and public welfare.

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2
Q

What makes up the characteristics of a comprehensive plan?

A
  1. It covers the entire community.
  2. It focuses on different functional areas such as:
    *Land-use
    *Environment
    *Housing
    *Transportation
    *Economic development.
  3. It is long term (20 years)
  4. It may be optional or required by law.
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3
Q

What are the goals of a comprehensive plan?

A
  • Public Health
  • Public Safety
  • Circulation - Movement of people
  • Provision of services and facilities
  • Fiscal health
  • Economic goals
  • Environmental protections
  • Redistributive goals
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4
Q

What are the phases of the comprehensive planning process?

A
  1. Research phase
  2. Formulation of community goals & objectives.
  3. Plan formation
  4. Plan implementation
  5. Review and update the plan
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5
Q

What is included in Rhode Island comprehensive planning?

A
  • All 39 cities and towns are required to prepare comprehensive plans.
  • Local levels plans are submitted to the “State Planning Council” for approval to ensure the plan is consistent with elements of the State Guide Plan.
  • Municipalities should periodically review and amend its plan to account for changing conditions.
  • Municipalities should re-adopt its entire comprehensive plan at least once every 10 years.
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6
Q

What are some types of capital facilities?

A
  • Roads
  • Bridges
  • Schools
  • Civic buildings (city/town halls, libraries)
  • Parks
  • Water and Sewer Lines
  • Harbor facilities
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7
Q

Define Eminent Domain

A

The government’s right to take private property for public reasons.

The government must compensate the owners of the land for the fair value of what is taken.

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8
Q

What are the three phases to follow for the provision of capital facilities in a community?

A
  • Planning phase
  • Financing phase
  • Programming phase
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9
Q

What are the key elements of a local Capital Improvement Plan?

A
  • List of projects and their general purposes
  • Capital cost for each project
  • Operating costs for each project
  • Financing methods and funding sources
  • Financing schedule
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10
Q

What are the four common methods of financing capital facilities?

A
  • Cash
  • Reserve funds
  • Bonds
  • Grants
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11
Q

Define Bonds

A

Long-term debt instruments used by state and local governments to fund capital facilities or public works.

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12
Q

What are the two types of bonds?

A

General Obligation Bonds
* Community wide projects like town halls or parks
* Used for projects that will not generate revenue through public use.
* Requires voter approval.
* Projects that will benefit the entire community.

Revenue Bonds
* Projects that generate revenue through user fees like parking garages or toll bridges.
* Whoever uses the service has to pay.

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13
Q

What are examples of site layout requirements included in a zoning ordinance?

A
  • Minimum lot area
  • Minimum lot frontage and depth
  • Minimum setback
  • Maximum percentage of site that may be covered by structure
  • Placement of driveways or curb cuts
  • Parking requirements
  • Screening requirements
  • Limits on the size or placement of signs
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14
Q

What are examples of requirements for structure or building characteristics in a zoning ordinance?

A
  • Maximum height of a structure
  • Maximum number of floors or stories
  • Maximum floor area or structure
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15
Q

What is the goal of a subdivision regulations ordinance?

A
  • Design public improvement standards
  • Procedural matters (review and approval of plans, waivers, and modifications)
  • Enforcement of penalties
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16
Q

What are examples of design and public improvement standards included in a subdivision regulations ordinance?

A
  • Street design standards
  • Lot design standards
  • Utilities standards
  • Open space requirements and standards
  • Landscaping and lighting standards
17
Q

What is cluster zoning?

A

Permits the building of houses on smaller lots provided that the space saved is used on common open purposes such as green or open spaces.

Concentrates the number of allowable units on the most suitable or buildable part of the tract of land, leaving the rest open.

18
Q

What is incentive zoning?

A

Allowing increased or additional densities in certain districts if a developer agrees with additional requirements.

Residential Zone
* Zoning may allow additional densities if the developer agrees to have a specific number of housing units be reserved for low and moderate income households.

Commercial Zone
* Zoning may allow additional heights or stories if the developer will provide certain amenities at the ground level.

19
Q

What are the types of urban design projects?

A
  • Individual land parcel
  • Neighborhood or district
  • Entire city
  • Transportation corridor
20
Q

What are the goals and objectives of urban design?

A
  • Enhance the quality of life through design
  • Build creative livable and sustainable cities
  • Ensure city accessibility for everyone
  • Prioritize safety in urban spaces
21
Q

What are the elements of urban design?

A
  • Individual buildings and architecture
  • Groups of buildings and city blocks
  • Public spaces
  • Street transportation systems
  • Public amenities
22
Q

What are the three alternative modes of transportation?

A
  • Surface (walking, car, bike)
  • Air
  • Water
23
Q

What are the local and state agencies involved in transportation in Rhode Island?

A

Local
* Public Works Department

State
* Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program
* Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT)
* Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA)
* Rhode Island Airport Corporation (RIAC)

24
Q

Define Trip

A

A one way movement from an origin to its destination.

25
Q

Define Trip Origin

A

The location where the trip begins.

26
Q

Define Trip Destination

A

The location where the trip ends.

27
Q

Define Trip Purpose

A

The travelers primary purpose for making a trip.

28
Q

Define Person Trip

A

A trip made by a person.

29
Q

Define Vehicle Trip

A

A trip made by a vehicle.

The number of persons are not relevant.

30
Q

Define (Transportation) Mode

A

The means used for travel.

Walking, driving, riding bus.

31
Q

Define Modal Split

A

The share of travelers using each mode of travel.

32
Q

What are some recent trends in urban transportation?

A
  • Rapid increase in car ownership.
  • Decline in public transportation use.
  • Worsening traffic congestion in urban and suburban areas.
  • Increasing human and economic/environmental cost of traffic congestion.
  • Increasing concerns about public safety of the transportation system.
  • Negative impacts on low-income and poor population.
  • Telecommuting is expanding.
33
Q

What are the components of planning for public transportation?

A
  • Public transportation is expensive to provide.
  • Public transportation requires a high population density.
  • Public transportation is heavily subsidized.
  • Public transportation often uses radial designs to connect suburbs to downtown.
34
Q

What are the benefits of public transportation?

A
  • Reduces road congestion.
  • Lowers oil dependence.
  • Improves air quality.
  • Encourages compact urban form.
  • Cheaper than driving.
  • Safer
  • Accessible to various demographics.
    • Elderly, handicapped, people without cars.
35
Q

What are the methods for financing the construction or roads & highways?

A
  • Federal and state gasoline taxes.
  • Tolls
  • Debt financing (bonds).
  • Private financing.
36
Q

What are the methods for financing the construction of public transit?

A
  • Federal gasoline taxes.
  • State and local funds.
  • Fare revenues.
  • Debt financing (bonds).
  • Private financing.

CPL 410 (2 decks)

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