Exam 3 Flashcards
Why is exploration with the hands and mouth important for Cognition?
Presents Infants with ample
opportunities to explore objects with their hands and mouth, take in an abundance of
information. This experience helps them to understand the world around them, thus affecting
their cognitive development.
What is eye-hand coordination?
The child’s ability to coordinate body movements in response
to what is visualized.
Why is Postural control important?
Postural control maintains balance with movement and
adjusts in anticipation of movement.
● This anticipatory postural adjustment and balance is an important component of
coordinated arm and hand movement.
What is Bimanual hand use?
The ability to use both hands in a complementary action.
What are the 5 separate In-hand Manipulation Skills?
Finger-to-palm translation /
Palm-to-finger translation / Shift / Simple rotation / Complex rotation.
What is Handedness?
Handedness is a complicated and highly researched area of function.
Each hand is controlled by the opposite side of the brain; Handedness can be broken down in 2
ways: preference and degree. Preference clarifies the use of the right or left hand, and degree
identifies how strongly a person prefers that hand.
What are the six prerequisites that should be present prior to handwriting instruction
-Small muscle development
-Eye-hand coordination
-Utensil or tool manipulation
-Basic stroke formation such as circles and lines
-Alphabet letter and number recognition
-Orientation to written language
when should you “change” a child’s grasp pattern
If it’s causing them pain or fatigue, grasp is impacting writing performance, or if there is a joint concern
What’s the difference between imitation vs copying
Imitation: The child is watching you draw something and then imitates you by drawing it themselves
Copying: presenting a picture of something (like a circle) and saying “copy the circle”. The child does not see any modeling being done.
What is harder imitation or copying?
copying
When assessing handwriting what are some things to look at?
-Grasp/hand strength
-Postural and proximal shoulder stability
-Positioning (physical seating, paper -positioning, L hand vs R hand)
-Legibility (sizing, spacing, alignment)
-Letter formation
What can impact handwriting performance?
-Learning disability
I-f they haven’t been taught handwriting
-Visual motor integration issues, grasp issues, cognitive issues, working memory or executive functioning issues, visual acuity, language issues, etc.
-Where is the movement originating from
What is dynamic vs static?
Dynamic: moving your fingertips/wrist
Static: using your entire arm to write
Functional vs Efficient grasp
Functional grasp: complete tasks efficiently, even if the grip isn’t perfect
Efficient grasp: perform tasks with minimal effort and maximum control, using a refined grip
What are the 6 stages of play that sequentially become more advanced & social?
- Unoccupied Play: child is observing, standing still or randomly moving
- Solitary Play: child plays independently even if other children are nearby
- Onlooker Play: child is a spectator watching others play, may make suggestions/ask questions
- Parallel Play: child plays independently beside other children, aware of others but plays separately
- Associative – Group Play: group of children engaging in a common activity but without a common goal
- Cooperative – Group Play: highest level of play, group of children engaging in an organized/cooperative activity to achieve a common goal
What is visual field?
The area perceived when looking straight ahead
What is visual acuity?
The clarity of the objects we perceive
