exam 3

Question 1

what are delusions? how are they different from hallucinations?

Answer 1

a false fixed belief that has no evidence to support it; however, the person cannot be
persuaded that the belief is incorrect, they are different because hallucinations are sensory experiences and delusions are saying something that is not true and believing it

Question 2

what are the types of hallucinations?

Answer 2

auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia,
types:
-visual, olfactory, tactile, gustatory, auditory
hallucinations occur when the person is fully conscious and appear to them to come from an outside source.

Question 3

therapeutic communication with client experiencing delusions or hallucinations

Answer 3

assess and intervene to maintain safety – suicide, violence, physiological stability
establish trusting relationship with patient and family, recognize suspicious and paranoid behaviors by the client as part of the illness, fear of the hostile or aggressive patient, frustration with client for not adhering to medication regimen,
you are not expected to have all of
the answers and solutions

Question 4

types of delusion:

Answer 4

-persecutory Delusions: The person feels he or she is being plotted or discriminated against, spied on, threatened, attacked or
deliberately victimized. This is the most common form of psychotic delusion.
-grandiose Delusions: The person believes he or she has enormously superior characteristics or is a person of great power or fame.
-delusions of reference: Also common, these symptoms occur when a person attaches special personal meaning to television broadcasts, music, or newspaper articles- they may believe
television sets are talking to them or that people are sending thoughts to them.
-somatic delusions: unrealistic beliefs about their own health or
bodily functions.

Question 5

what are disordered speech patterns?

Answer 5

disorganized thinking resulting in someone having schizophrenia

Question 6

tangential:

Answer 6

the person’s ideas are only loosely connected to the topic, i.e. there are “loose associations” between expressed ideas and one thought or statement does not logically follow the other

Question 7

neologisms:

Answer 7

the person makes up new words that have meaning only to them

Question 8

circumstansial:

Answer 8

provides unnecessary detail but does return to the point

Question 9

perseveration:

Answer 9

adherence to a single idea or topic, and verbal repetition of the sentence phrase or word even when attempts are made to change the topic

Question 10

word salad:

Answer 10

the person’s language can become so disordered as to be incomprehensible, a senseless jumble of words

Question 11

flight of ideas:

Answer 11

the person’s ideas rapidly shift from one subject to another and are not related at all, however he or she believes the incoherent statements make perfect sense

Question 12

Antipsychotic medication side effects

Answer 12

electrocardiogram (ECG) changes-
prolong QT interval
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
agranulocytosis-severe low white blood
count
extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
-pseudoparkinsonism
-akathisia-state of agitation, distress
and restlessness
-dystonia-muscles contract
involuntarily
-tardive dyskinesia-movements appear in the eyes, lips, tongue and jaw
weight gain

Question 13

positive (add to) symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 13

delusions, hallucinations, grossly disorganized thinking, speech, and behavior

Question 14

negative (take away) symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 14

flat affect, lack of volition (making a decision), social withdrawal, low energy, anhedonia (lack of interest)

Question 15

bipolar 1 disorder (manic
depressive disorder)

Answer 15

will experience a full manic episode
excessive cheerfulness or elevation in mood, extreme mood fluctuations from mania to depression, manic episodes begin suddenly, last from a few weeks to several months, manic episodes-pressured speech, sleeplessness, impulsiveness, grandiose

Question 16

bipolar 2 disorder

Answer 16

will experience only a hypomanic episode (a period that’s less severe than a full manic episode), the “up” moods never reach full blown mania
-hypomania: period of milder expansive or irritable mood, milder symptom of mania

Question 17

nursing interventions for client experiencing mania

Answer 17

provide a safe environment, meet physiological needs, therapeutic
communication, promote appropriate behaviors, manage medications, educate client and family

Question 18

anorexia nervosa characteristics and difference between bulimia

Answer 18

refusal or inability to maintain minimal normal body weight, intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, significantly disturbed perception of body shape or size, steadfast inability or refusal to acknowledge seriousness of problem or even that one exists, anorexia starves on purpose, very thin, some may use laxatives

Question 19

bulimia nervosa characteristics and differences between anorexia

Answer 19

recurrent episodes of binge eating (secretive); compensatory behaviors to
avoid weight gain (purging, use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, emetics,
fasting, excessive exercise), recognition of behavior as pathologic; feelings of guilt, shame, remorse, contempt, usually normal weigh, bulimia binge eating followed by purging, average weight, heavy meals followed by purging, guilt

Question 20

be familiar with terms in chapter 20 for eating disorders

Answer 20

purging: making self throw up
anorexia: eat too little
bulimia: eat too chaotically
obesity: eat too much

Question 21

symptoms of major depressive disorder

Answer 21

changes in eating habits → weight gain or loss, hypersomnia or insomnia, impaired concentration, decision making, or
problem solving, worthlessness, hopelessness, despair, guilt, thoughts of death/suicide, overwhelming fatigue, negative thinking, anhedonia, at least 2 weeks

Question 22

suicide risk factors

Answer 22

deliberate non-suicidal behaviors
intended to cause self-harm, family history, may be seen as an acceptable behavior, previous attempts Feelings of
hopelessness, isolation, barriers to
accessing mental health treatment, history of alcohol or substance use disorders

Question 23

cluster a personality disorders: odd or eccentric behaviors “accusatory”

Answer 23

-paranoid personality
disorder
-schizoid personality
disorder
-schizotypal personality
disorder
may have trouble forming close relationships and may have odd or cold traits that can lead to criticism from others

Question 24

cluster b personality disorder: erratic or dramatic behaviors “wild”

Answer 24

-antisocial personality
disorder
-borderline personality
disorder
-histrionic personality disorder
-narcissistic personality
disorder
dramatic, impulsive, and emotional behaviors and thoughts

Question 25

cluster c personality disorder: anxious or fearful behaviors “worried”

Answer 25

-obsessive personality
disorder: compulsive
-avoidant personality disorder: cowardly
-dependent personality
disorder: clingy
cause persistent and harmful patterns of behavior and thinking, affecting how individuals perceive themselves and interact with others

Question 26

nursing interventions for personality disorders

Answer 26

be cautious and avoid patient attempts to use manipulation or splitting
techniques, use clear communication, set limits, boundaries, and realistic goals, deal with frustration: patients change slowly yet “look” like they are capable
of better behavior, work effectively as part of team; consistency is essential

Question 27

the following four slides are what type of disorder?

Answer 27

somatic symptom illnesses

Question 28

conversion disorder:

Answer 28

involves unexplained, usually sudden deficits in sensory or motor
function (blindness, paralysis), client is usually indifferent or shows a lack of distress to the functional loss

Question 29

pain disorder:

Answer 29

client complaints of physical pain that is not relieved by pain medications, greatly affected by psychological factors in terms of onset, severity, exacerbation, and maintenance

Question 30

hyperchondriasis

Answer 30

defined as the preoccupation with the fear that one has or will contract a serious and possibility life threatening disease, clients often misinterpret bodily sensations or functions

Question 31

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 31

when a person has a significant focus on physical symptoms, such as pain, weakness or shortness of breath, to a level that results in major distress and/or problems functioning

Question 32

nursing Interventions for clients with somatic disorders

Answer 32

psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy, medications, symptomatic measures, encourage functional behaviors, goals, help express emotions
and validate feelings; journaling; limiting
time spent on physical complaints

Question 33

be familiar with factitious disorder

Answer 33

characterized by physical symptoms that are feigned or self inflicted for the sole purpose of drawing attention to oneself and gaining emotional benefits of assuming the sick role
Munchausen Syndrome and Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (imposed on someone else so they can be a hero or get sympathy from people)

Question 34

what is malingering?

Answer 34

feigning (or pretending to be affected by) physical symptoms for some external gain such as avoiding work

Question 35

Review Professor Coates Power Point on Community Health

Answer 35

https://learn.radford.edu/d2l/le/content/247888/viewContent/4023233/View

Question 36

somatization

Answer 36

is the transference of mental experiences and states into bodily symptoms

Question 37

hysteria

Answer 37

multiple physical complaints with no organic basis

Question 38

psychosomatic

Answer 38

connection between mind (psyche) and body (soma)