exam 2 Flashcards
what are the 5 stages of grief according to kubler-ross?
1) denial: avoidance, confusion, elation, shock
2) anger: frustration, irritation, anxiety
3) bargaining: overwhelmed, helplessness, hostility
4) depression: struggling to find meaning, reaching out to others, telling ones story
5) acceptance: exploring options, new plans, moving on
what is the intimate partner violence cycle? (abuser behavior)
1) honeymoon stage: apologetic, respectful, attentive, promises, improved communication, helpful, gift giving/compliments, spends time
2) tension stage: insults, threats, sarcasm, jealousy, accusations, fault finding, controlling actions, quick mood changes, emotional distance
3) explosion stage: intimidating body language, keeps them from leaving, throwing things, slamming doors, silent treatment, name calling, swearing, yelling
dopamine does what? and what type of neurotransmitter it is?
the “feel good” neurotransmitter
thought to be increased in people
with schizophrenia, excitatory transmitter
norepinephrine does what? and what type of neurotransmitter it is?
neurotransmitter is associated with “fight or flight”, excitatory transmitter
serotonin does what? and what type of neurotransmitter it is?
sleep, mood, memory neurotransmitter can be decreased in depression and anxiety, inhibitory transmitter
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric
acid) does what? and what type of neurotransmitter it is?
“calming” neurotransmitter and may be decreased in depression and anxiety, inhibitory transmitter
generalized anxiety disorder is defined as?
causes people to experience excessive and persistent worry about everyday things
obsessive compulsive disorder is defined as?
-obsessions = recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses
-compulsions = ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously in an attempt to neutralize anxiety
re-uptake means?
what happens after a signal is transmitted: the neurotransmitter, its “work” completed, is reabsorbed back into the cell that previously released it, reuptake is essential for synaptic functioning
what is grounding and what is it used for?
technique reminds the patient that they
are in the present and are safe, can be used for anxiety and PTSD
what is PTSD defined as?
post traumatic stress disorder, disturbing patterns of behavior demonstrated by someone following a major trauma
beginning at least 3 months after the event or even months or years later
what is mild/moderate, up to 3 months, 6 months after end of stressor duration for symptoms disorder called?
adjustment disorder
what is severe, few days to maximum 4 weeks, maximum one month duration for symptoms disorder called?
acute distress disorder
what is severe, sometimes years, >1 month duration for symptoms disorder called?
PTSD
what is sudden memory loss cause by an event
dissociative amnesia disorder
whats is a person feels detachment from ones mind or body
depersonalization disorder
what is forgetting personal info and taking on a new identity and including moving, but forget fugue state when it ends
dissociative fugue disorder
what is the existence of two or more distinct personalities within a distinct individual
dissociative identity disorder
what are some nursing interventions for when a client is having a panic attack?
self-awareness of anxiety level, assessment of the client’s anxiety
level, use of short, simple, easy-to-
understand sentences ,de-escalate the client’s anxiety level to moderate or mild before asking them to move on to another
task, low, calm, soothing voice, in panic, safety is primary concern, short-term use of anxiolytics
what are some signs of physical abuse?
unexplained cuts, abrasions, bruising or swelling, unexplained burns or scalds, cigarette burns, rope burns or marks on arms, legs, neck, torso, unexplained fractures, strains or sprains; dislocation of limbs, bite marks, dental injuries, ear or eye injuries
what is aggression and some characteristics of aggression?
-hostility = verbal aggression, usually when feeling
threatened or powerless
-physical aggression: attack on or injury to another person; destruction of property
-both to harm or punish another person or force into compliance
-clenched jaw, pacing, clenched fists, raised voices, irritability
when should a nurse use restraints?
last resort and when patient is a danger to self or others
what are the stages for aggression?
1) triggering: an event or circumstances in the environment initiates the clients response, which is often anger or hostility
2) escalation: clients responses represent escalating behaviors that indicate movement toward a loss of control
3) crisis: during a period of emotional and physical crisis, client loses control
4) recovery: client regains physical and emotional control
5) postcrisis: client attempts reconciliation with others and returns to the level of functioning before the aggressive incident and its antecedents
what are the levels of anxiety?
-mild: special attention;
increased sensory stimulation;
motivational
-moderate: feeling something is
definitely wrong;
nervousness/agitation;
difficulty concentrating; able to
be redirected
-severe: trouble thinking and
reasoning; tightened muscles;
increased vital signs; restless,
irritable, angry
-panic: fight, flight, or freeze
response; increased vital signs;
enlarged pupils; cognitive
processes focusing on defense
what are some things people with OCD do that are related?
-excoriation: skin picking
-trichotillomania: hair-pulling
-onychophagia: chronic nail-biting
-BDD(body dysmorphia): a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance
-hoarding
-kleptomania: compulsive stealing
-oniomania: compulsive buying
-body identity integrity disorder
what is complicated grieving ?
person void of emotion; grieving for prolonged periods; expressions of grief seem disproportionate to event, usually sudden deaths, multiple deaths, suicide or murder
what is uncomplicated grieving?
this is also known as normal grieving, a grief process that involves a range of emotions and behaviors that are common after a loss
what are some psychoactive medications requiring monitoring (lab draws)?
used to treat mental health disorders, antipsychotics (formerly called
neuroleptics), antidepressants, mood-stabilizing medications, anxiolytics
what are the levels to anxiety?
-mild: special attention;
increased sensory stimulation;
motivational
-moderate: feeling something is
definitely wrong;
nervousness/agitation;
difficulty concentrating; able to
be redirected
-severe: trouble thinking and
reasoning; tightened muscles;
increased vital signs; restless,
irritable, angry
-panic: fight, flight, or freeze
response; increased vital signs;
enlarged pupils; cognitive
processes focusing on defense
what is disenfranchised grief?
grief over loss that is not or cannot be openly acknowledged, mourned publicly, or supported socially, like a nurse losing their patient
neurologic side effects that can be treated with anticholinergic medications (diphenhydramine) are called EPS and include:
acute dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparksonism
