Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is adequate sleep required?

A
  • restore brain tissue
  • conserve energy
  • regulate immune function
  • regulate hormones
  • provide thermoregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much sleep do infants need?

A

14- 17 hours of sleep a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much sleep do school aged children need?

A

9 - 11 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much sleep do adults need?

A

7-9 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factors can contribute to someone developing insomnia?

A
  • Hx of anxiety or depression
  • various medical/ psychiatric disorders
  • high levels of stress
  • poor sleeping habits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Frequent and uncontrollable periods of deep sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is thought to be the cause of narcolepsy?

A
  • deficiency of the brain chemical hypocretin which regulates sleep because the immune system mistakenly attacks parts of the brain that produces hypocretin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What medication is used to treat narcolepsy?

A

Stimulants such as dextroamphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hypersomnolence disorder?

A
  • excessive daytime sleepiness that persists for more than 3 months even with 9+ hours of sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is restless leg syndrome?

A

Uncomfortable sensation in the legs accompanied by the urge to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for restless leg syndrome?

A
  • dopamine receptor agonist such as ropinrole or pramipexole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the risk factors for developing sleep apnea?

A

Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are non- REM sleep arousal disorders?

A

Sleep walking and sleep tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are potential treatments for nightmare disorder?

A

-hypnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is REM sleep behavior disorder?

Djouldé

A

Characterized by physically act out vivid dreams ( talking, physical movements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What actions promote proper sleep hygiene?

A
  • decreased caffeine
  • don’t watch tv or use your phone right before sleeping
  • calm/ quiet environment
  • avoid daytime napping
  • exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are three classifications for neurocognition?

A
  • delirium
  • mild neurocognitive disorders
  • major neurocognitive disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is delirium?

Reverse able

A

An acute disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusions, incoherence of thought and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the most common causes of delirium?

A
  • UTI
  • dehydration
  • intoxication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some manifestations of delirium?

A
  • labile mood
  • anger/ agitation
  • pull IV’s
  • self care deficits
  • hyper or hypo activity
  • changes in sleep wake
  • abnormal vital signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are mild neurocognitive disorders ?

A
  • a decline from previous cognitive functioning, doesn’t impact daily functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are major neurocognitive disorders?

A

Impairments interfere with daily function and the ability to be independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the risk factors of developing Alzheimer’s disease?

A
  • family member has dementia
  • age
  • cardiovascular disease
  • poor diet and social isolation
  • head injury/ traumatic brain injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is thought to be the cause of Alzheimer’s?

A

Genetics- if fam member has dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some ways we can teach our pt’s to reduce the risk for Alzheimer’s?

A
  • staying physically active
  • stop smoking
  • maintain healthy weight
  • drink mod or not at all
  • adequate sleep
  • avoid chronic stress or depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the different stages of Alzheimer’s disease?

M, M, S

A
  • Mild
  • moderate
  • severe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is mild Alzheimer’s characterized ?

Stage 1

A
  • memory lapse occurs but the pt can still function independently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is moderate Alzheimer’s characterized?

Stage 2

A

Symptoms become noticeable and behavior is markedly changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is severe Alzheimer’s characterized ?

Stage 3

A

May have difficulty w/ communication and needs 24hr care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is confabulation?

Trump

A

Creation of stories to maintain self esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is preservation?

A

Religion of phrases or gestures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Loss of sensory ability to recognize objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the treatment used for Alzheimer’s?

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor which doesn’t cure but helps delay or prevent symptoms from becoming worse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are some possible intervention for a pt experiencing Alzheimer’s?

A
  • transportation
  • suppor groups
  • home health services
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is dyscalculia?

A

Persistent difficulty in mathematics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is dysgraphia?

A

Persistent difficulty in written expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is an intellectual disability?

A
  • deficits in intellectual, social, and daily functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is autism spectrum disorders?

A

A neurobiological and developmental disability that typically appears during a child first three years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Autism spectrum disorders?

A
  • deficit in social/ emotional interactions
  • repetitive speech and or behaviors
  • sensory processing issues
  • difficulty w/ changes to routines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are common manifestations of ADHD?

A
  • child shows inappropriate level of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
  • low frustration tolerance and labile moods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What drug class are used to treat ADHD?

Dextroamphetamine sulfate

A

Stimulants adderall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What should be encouraged in a patient taking a ADHD medications?

A

Drug holidays and parents should properly store and administer stimulant medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the common side effects of taking stimulants?

WL/A, WT, HTN, IS, T, I

A
  • weight loss
  • anorexia
  • worsen tics/ tremors
  • HTN
  • impaired sleep
  • tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is intermittent explosive disorders?

A
  • inability to control aggressive impulses
  • verbal or physical aggression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is conduct disorder?

A
  • rights of others are violated and societal normal or rules are disregarded
  • if left untreated it will develop into antisocial personality disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are some interventions that can be used for pt experiencing an impulse control disorder?

A
  • ensure a safe enviormental
  • set clear limits and expectations
  • provide structure and boundaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How is cluster A personality disorders characterized by?

A
  • odd
  • eccentric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What personality disorders fall under cluster A?

PSS.. do you know the government is watching us??

A
  • Paranoia PD
  • Schizoid
  • schizotypical
49
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Cluster A paranoid PD?

A
  • distrust/ suspicion of others that’s unsupported by evidence
  • hyper vigilance
  • often provoke a hostile response
  • tend to have difficulty in relationships due to jealousy, controlling, and unwillingness to forgive
50
Q

What nursing intervention is appropriate for Cluster A paranoid PD?

A
  • stick to the schedule and don’t change it
  • avoid being nice w/ the pt
  • be consistent
51
Q

What are some treatment options for paranoid PD?

A
  • psychotherapy
  • group therapy
  • anti anxiety and antipsychotics
52
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Cluster A schizoid PD?

A
  • lifelong pattern of social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, they tend to confine in imaginary friends/ fantasies
53
Q

What nursing interventions should be considered of Cluster A paranoid PD?

A
  • avoid being too nice/ friendly
  • DO NOT increase socialization
  • focus on coping/ anxiety
54
Q

What are the treatment options for Cluster A paranoid PD?

A
  • psychotherapy
  • individual therapy then move to group therapy
  • antidepressants and antipsychotics
55
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Cluster A schizotypical PD?

Magical thinking- they think something happen because they thought it or manifested it

A
  • tend to ramble w/ lengthy unclear, overly detailed, and abstract content + paranoia
  • odd/ eccentric behavior w/magical thinking
56
Q

What are the nursing considerations for a pt with cluster A schizotypical PD?

A
  • respect the need for iso
  • adhere to schedule
  • be respectful to religious practices, thought, and beliefs
57
Q

What are the treatment options for a pt with cluster A schizotypical PD?

A
  • psychotherapy
  • antipsychotic
  • antidepressants
  • anti anxiety
58
Q

How is cluster B personality disorders characterized by?

A
  • dramatic
  • emotional
  • erratic
59
Q

What personality disorders fall under cluster B?

BANH

A
  • borderline
  • narcissistic
  • antisocial
  • histrionic
60
Q

How is cluster C personality disorders characterized by?

A
  • fearful
  • anxious
61
Q

What PD’s fall under cluster C?

A
  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive compulsive
62
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cluster B borderline personality disorder?

A
  • instability ( moods, relationships)
  • impulsive
  • distorted self image/ identity
  • labile
  • splitting
  • separation anxiety
  • self harm
63
Q

What are some nursing interventions of cluster B borderline personality disorder?

A
  • therapeutic relationship is essential
  • monitor for manipulation and splitting
  • monitor for self harm behaviors
64
Q

What are some treatments for cluster B borderline personality disorder?

A
  • DBT
  • antidepressants and mood stabilizers
65
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of antisocial personality disorder?

A
  • disregards the right of others and frequently violates
  • deceitful, manipulative, and hostile when they can’t manipulate the person
  • no remorse / guilt
  • criminal misconduct and substance misuse are common
66
Q

What are some nursing interventions for cluster b antisocial PD?

A
  • direct and clear language to avoid manipulation
  • monitor for violence
  • usually not hospitalized
67
Q

What are some treatment options for cluster b antisocial PD?

A
  • mood stabilizers
  • antidepressants
  • benzodiazepines
  • therapy
68
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cluster B histrionic personality disorder?

A
  • extroversion and flamboyance
  • emotional seeking behavior
  • impulsive
  • may act flirtatiously
69
Q

What are some nursing care interventions for cluster B histrionic personality disorder?

A
  • professional communication
  • ## monitor for exaggerated symptoms
70
Q

What are some treatment options for cluster B histrionic personality disorder?

A
  • individual therapy
  • group therapy
  • antidepressant
  • anti anxiety
71
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cluster B narcissistic PD?

A
  • feelings of entitlement
  • exaggerated belief in ones importance
  • lack of empathy
  • poor self esteem and hypersensitive to criticism
72
Q

What are some nursing intervention for a person with cluster b narcissist PD?

A
  • remain neutral
  • model healthy communication/ empathy
  • do not engage in power struggles
73
Q

What are treatment options for a person with cluster b narcissist PD?

A
  • CBT
  • group therapy
  • lithium
  • antidepressants
74
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cluster c avoidant PD?

A
  • extreme sensitivity to rejection
  • feelings of inadequacy
  • socially inhibited
  • low self esteem
75
Q

What are some nursing interventions used for cluster C avoidant pd?

A
  • friendly/ reassuring approach
  • ease into social situations
  • provide assertiveness training
76
Q

What are some treatment options used for cluster C avoidant pd?

A
  • individual and group therapy
  • antidepressants
  • anti anxiety
77
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cluster C dependent PD?

A
  • overwhelming need to be cared for
  • submissive and clingy behavior
  • intensive fear of separation
78
Q

What are some nursing interventions used for Cluster C dependent PD?

A
  • identify stressor
  • teach assertiveness training
  • beware of countertransference
79
Q

What are some treatment options used for Cluster C dependent PD?

A
  • CBT
  • antidepressants
  • anti anxiety
80
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of cluster C obsessive compulsive PD?

A
  • limited emotional expression
  • stubbornness
  • indecisive
  • perfectionist
  • always think they are right
81
Q

What are some nursing interventions used for Cluster C obsessive compulsive PD?

A
  • avoid power struggle
  • provide structure
  • help identify ineffective coping
82
Q

What are some treatment options used for Cluster C obsessive compulsive PD?

A
  • group and individual therapy
  • antidepressants (specifically SSRIs)
83
Q

What are paraphiliac disorder?

A

Sexually aroused by things that are outside of societal norms

84
Q

What are the risk factors for developing SDD?

A
  • hormonal
  • vascular issues
  • cognitive factors
85
Q

What are some nursing interventions used for pt’s with sexual disorders?

A
  • be non judgmental
  • maintain and reinforce appropriate interpersonal boundaries
  • explain consequences of actions
86
Q

What are risk factors for developing anxiety?

A
  • psychological factors
  • negative life events
  • genetics
  • neurobiological
  • low levels of GABA
87
Q

What are the different levels of anxiety?

M, M, S, P

A
  • mild
  • moderate
  • severe
  • panic
88
Q

How is mild anxiety characterized?

A
  • they are able to perceive what’s happening around them
  • restlessness, irritability, psychomotor agitation
    ( foot tapping, fidgeting)
89
Q

How is moderate anxiety characterized?

A
  • decreased perception and grasp less information, and has selective attention
  • thinking is impaired but learning can still occur
  • increased RR/ HR, GI problems, tremors, and headache
90
Q

How is severe anxiety characterized?

A
  • very low perception, unable to learn or problem solve
  • nausea, dizziness, confusion, hyperventilation, impending doom
91
Q

How is panic anxiety characterized?

A
  • complete loss of touch of reality
  • screaming, shouting, social withdrawal, or hallucinations
92
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Sudden onset for extreme apprehension or fear of impending doom
- intense, unpredictable, lasts 10 min.

93
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Characterized by excessive worrying that is out of proportion for more than 6 months.
- avoids events or puts off things due to anxiety
- difficulty w/ relationships due to need for reassurance and high anxiety levels

94
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A
  • obsessive focus on a perceived flaw in appearance
  • often has a hx of abuse or neglect
95
Q

What are some effective nursing interventions for a pt experiencing anxiety?

A
  • promote self care activities
  • health teaching
  • encouragement of therapy
96
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of a pt w/ PTSD?

A
  • recurrent dreams or flashbacks
  • avoidance of stimuli associated with/ trauma
  • numbing response
  • persistent symptoms of increased arousal
97
Q

What are some treatment options for a pt with PTSD?

A
  • SSRI like Zoloft and Paxil
98
Q

What is dissociative disorder?

A
  • when the person separates themselves emotionally after significant trauma(s)
  • dissociation is an involuntary response that protects individuals from full awareness of trauma
99
Q

What are positive symptoms of dissociative disorder?

A
  • flashbacks
  • emotional triggers
100
Q

What are negative symptoms of dissociative disorder?

A
  • lack of self control or control of body parts
  • decline in memory
101
Q

What is depersonalization disorder?

A

The persistent felling of observing oneself from outside their body and that their surroundings aren’t real
- feeling mechanic, dreamy, or detached from body

102
Q

What kinds of survivors experience depersonalization disorder?

A
  • severe acute stress
  • childhood sexual abuse
103
Q

What are the different kind of dissociative amnesias?

A
  • localized
  • selective
  • dissociative
104
Q

What is localized dissociative amnesia?

A
  • inability to remember all event in certain periods
105
Q

What is selective dissociative amnesia?

A
  • some but not all events can be recalled
106
Q

What is dissociative fugue amnesia?

A

Traveling away and forgetting your identity and past

107
Q

What are the signs of a dissociative disorder?

A
  • change in behavior, voice, or dress
  • referring to self by another name or third person
  • partial memory or memory gaps
  • disoriented X4
  • presence of blackouts
108
Q

What are some nursing implementation that can be used for a pt’s struggling with dissociative disorders?

A
  • coping skills for stressor
  • establish routine
  • encourage expression of feelings
  • long term therapy
109
Q

What is somatic symptom disorder?

A

Extreme focus on physical symptoms such as pain or fatigue because of emotional distress and problems functioning

110
Q

What is the most lethal substance to have a pt withdrawal on?

A

Alcohol then benzo’s

111
Q

What is the definition of intoxication?

A
  • occurs when the individual use a substance to excess
112
Q

What are drug classes and how are they categorized?

The lower the # the increased risk for abuse

A
  • 5 categories based on acceptable medical use and potential for abuse
113
Q

What are schedule I drugs and some examples?

Street drugs

A

Not for medical use, high abuse potential
- heroin
- LSD
- Shrooms

114
Q

What are schedule II drugs and some examples?

A, F, D

A

Acceptable for medical use, tightened regulated, high risk for abuse
- Adderall
- fentanyl
- dilaudid

115
Q

What are schedule III drugs and some examples?

T w/ C, K

A

Acceptable medical use, less abuse potential than S2
- Tylenol w/ codeine
- Ketamine

116
Q

What are schedule IIII drugs and some examples?

A

Acceptable for medical use, medium risk for abuse
- Xanax
- Valium

117
Q

What are schedule IV drugs and some examples?

OTC, R

A

Acceptable medical use, with decrease abuse potential
- OTC
- Robitussin

118
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in addiction?

A
  • opioid, catecholamine, and GABA
  • the dopaminergic neurons in the VTA are implicated
119
Q

What are the common risk factors for developing an addiction?

B, E, S

A
  • biological
  • environmental risks
  • sociocultural

Mental Health (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions