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Microbiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Antigen

A

Any cell particle/chemical that induces a specific immune response by T-cells

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2
Q

Describe structure and function of thymus

A

Contains 2 lobes: Function immature T-cells develop

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3
Q

Compare Class 1 MHC & Class 2 MHC

A

Endure immune system can recognize and respond to different types of threats

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4
Q

Class 1MHC

A

Kills infected cells by cytotoxic t-cells-expressed on all cells

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5
Q

Function of helper t-cells

A

Coordinates body response to infections

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6
Q

Class 2 MHC

A

Activates helper T-cells to coordinate immune response- expressed on specialized immunity cells

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7
Q

Function of cytotoxic t-cells

A

kills infected cell

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8
Q

clonal deletion

A

immune system kills harmful immune cells

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9
Q

dendric cells

A

large antigen processing cell - long/branch like extensions of cell membrane

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10
Q

Primary action of B cells

A

produce immunity

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11
Q

agglutination

A

bacteria/RBC stick together due to immune response

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12
Q

IgG antibody

A

fights infection by recognizing and neutralizing harmful invaders most common antibody in body

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13
Q

IgA antibody

A

found on mucous membranes(gut/respiratory/saliva) protects these areas from infection by trapping & neutralizing harmful invaders

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14
Q

Primary immune response

A

1st encounter/slow to respond antibody production-memory cells(b/Tcells) created & remember pathogen

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15
Q

Secondary immune response

A

encounters same pathogen again-Faster response(thanks to memory cells), more effective killing pathogen

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16
Q

example of artificial passive immunity

A

Rabies/tetnus

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17
Q

Superantigens

A

Toxin that can cause extreme harmful response….example toxic shock

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18
Q

haptens

A

incomple/partial antigen

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19
Q

Function of keratin in the skin

A

Protection

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20
Q

MRSA is resistant to what?

A

Methicillin

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21
Q

Function of Coagulase

A

Blood clot formation

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22
Q

Measles rash

A

Red maculopapular exanthem

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23
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

unusual oral lesions seen in measles

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24
Q

cytokines

A

signaling molecules

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25
Q

Cytotoxic T-Cells

A

Kill infected cells

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26
Q

Helper T-Cells

A

Managers/Coordinators of immune system

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27
Q

B-Cells

A

Produce immunity/Produce & Release antibody

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28
Q

Congenital Rubella

A

Rubella virus in fetus can result in serious birth defects

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29
Q

What is causative organism of Impetigo

A

Staphylococcus aureus

30
Q

Common mode of transmission of Impetigo

A

Direct/indirect contact…Highly contagious

31
Q

Impetigo lesion

A

honey-colored crusty

32
Q

Exfoliative toxin & what does it cause

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome-Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus-target protein that holds skin together=causing skin to blister & peel

33
Q

Relationship Chicken Pox & Shingles

A

Both caused by Herpes Zoster Virus

34
Q

Vaccina Virus

A

Virus used in small pox vaccine

35
Q

Leishmaniasis Transmission

A

Female sandfly

36
Q

S/S Cutaneous Anthrax

A

Black painless skin ulcer (eschcar)

37
Q

Caused by Malassezia

A

Tinea Vesicolor

38
Q

Tinea

A

causes ringworm

39
Q

Best defense of eye

40
Q

Prevention of Conjunctiva “Pink Eye”

A

Hygiene-Good washing-don’t touch eyes

41
Q

Viral Conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus/clear discharge/more common in adults

42
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus/Mucopurulent discharge/more common in children

43
Q

Keratitis

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

44
Q

Immunologically privileged

45
Q

Immunologically privileged

A

Immune system has reduced response to foreign substances or antigens

46
Q

Function blood brain barrier

A

Protects brain “Maintains brain homeostasis”

47
Q

Bacterial agent causes most severe form of meningitis

A

Neisseria meningitidis

48
Q

Common bacterial meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

49
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fungus/spread in air/dust/ pigeons…..Common in AIDs patients

50
Q

Bacteria neonatal meningitis

A

Group B Streptococcus/passed to baby during childbirth-leading to serious infections in newborn

51
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae/

A

AKA: Pneumococcus/Majority of bacterial pneumonias

52
Q

Viral Meningitis

A

90% enterovirus

53
Q

Common mode of transmission of neonatal meningitis

A

Vertical-Mother to baby during childbirth

54
Q

Acute Encephalitis

A

Herpes Simplex Virus/Arboviruses

55
Q

How to prevent arbovirus

A

PPE, environmental management/vaccinations/ community efforts to control mosquitos and ticks

56
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

57
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease

A

Rapid neurological decline/death

58
Q

Neurotoxin tetanospasmin

A

Clostridium tetani/causes tetanus

59
Q

S/S Botulism & Tetanus

A

Tetanus: muscle stiffness/spasms due to overactive muscle spasms
Botulism: muscle weakness/paralysis due to muscle contraction

60
Q

3 forms of Botulism

A

Food
infant
Wound

61
Q

Viral Miningitis

A

90% Enterovirus
Majority occurs in kids

62
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Group B Strep
Most common cause of Neonatal meningitis

63
Q

Escherichia Coli

A

Suspected if baby premature

64
Q

Meningoencephalitis

A

Brain eating
Enters nasal passage
unclean water
97% fatality

65
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain

66
Q

Encephalitis

A

Serious condition
Can present as acute or subacute
Tissue of brain extremely sensitive to damage done by the inflammatory process

67
Q

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus

A

arbovirus/highest mortality rate

68
Q

Acute Encephalitis

A

Arbovirus/prevention: Insect control

69
Q

Subacute Encephalitis

A

Toxoplasma gondii/Prevention: Personal hygiene/Food safety

70
Q

Prions

A

Mad cow disease/death within 1 year/avoid contaminated meat

Microbiology (3 decks)

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