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Microbiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Antigen

A

Any cell particle/chemical that induces a specific immune response by T-cells

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2
Q

Describe structure and function of thymus

A

Contains 2 lobes: Function immature T-cells develop

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3
Q

Compare Class 1 MHC & Class 2 MHC

A

Endure immune system can recognize and respond to different types of threats

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4
Q

Class 1MHC

A

Kills infected cells by cytotoxic t-cells-expressed on all cells

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5
Q

Function of helper t-cells

A

Coordinates body response to infections

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6
Q

Class 2 MHC

A

Activates helper T-cells to coordinate immune response- expressed on specialized immunity cells

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7
Q

Function of cytotoxic t-cells

A

kills infected cell

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8
Q

clonal deletion

A

immune system kills harmful immune cells

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9
Q

dendric cells

A

large antigen processing cell - long/branch like extensions of cell membrane

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10
Q

Primary action of B cells

A

produce immunity

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11
Q

agglutination

A

bacteria/RBC stick together due to immune response

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12
Q

IgG antibody

A

fights infection by recognizing and neutralizing harmful invaders most common antibody in body

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13
Q

IgA antibody

A

found on mucous membranes(gut/respiratory/saliva) protects these areas from infection by trapping & neutralizing harmful invaders

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14
Q

Primary immune response

A

1st encounter/slow to respond antibody production-memory cells(b/Tcells) created & remember pathogen

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15
Q

Secondary immune response

A

encounters same pathogen again-Faster response(thanks to memory cells), more effective killing pathogen

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16
Q

example of artificial passive immunity

A

Rabies/tetnus

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17
Q

Superantigens

A

Toxin that can cause extreme harmful response….example toxic shock

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18
Q

haptens

A

incomple/partial antigen

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19
Q

Function of keratin in the skin

A

Protection

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20
Q

MRSA is resistant to what?

A

Methicillin

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21
Q

Function of Coagulase

A

Blood clot formation

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22
Q

Measles rash

A

Red maculopapular exanthem

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23
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

unusual oral lesions seen in measles

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24
Q

cytokines

A

signaling molecules

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25
Cytotoxic T-Cells
Kill infected cells
26
Helper T-Cells
Managers/Coordinators of immune system
27
B-Cells
Produce immunity/Produce & Release antibody
28
Congenital Rubella
Rubella virus in fetus can result in serious birth defects
29
What is causative organism of Impetigo
Staphylococcus aureus
30
Common mode of transmission of Impetigo
Direct/indirect contact...Highly contagious
31
Impetigo lesion
honey-colored crusty
32
Exfoliative toxin & what does it cause
Scalded Skin Syndrome-Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus-target protein that holds skin together=causing skin to blister & peel
33
Relationship Chicken Pox & Shingles
Both caused by Herpes Zoster Virus
34
Vaccina Virus
Virus used in small pox vaccine
35
Leishmaniasis Transmission
Female sandfly
36
S/S Cutaneous Anthrax
Black painless skin ulcer (eschcar)
37
Caused by Malassezia
Tinea Vesicolor
38
Tinea
causes ringworm
39
Best defense of eye
Tears
40
Prevention of Conjunctiva "Pink Eye"
Hygiene-Good washing-don't touch eyes
41
Viral Conjunctivitis
Adenovirus/clear discharge/more common in adults
42
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus/Mucopurulent discharge/more common in children
43
Keratitis
Herpes Simplex Virus
44
Immunologically privileged
CNS
45
Immunologically privileged
Immune system has reduced response to foreign substances or antigens
46
Function blood brain barrier
Protects brain "Maintains brain homeostasis"
47
Bacterial agent causes most severe form of meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
48
Common bacterial meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
49
Cryptococcus neoformans
Fungus/spread in air/dust/ pigeons.....Common in AIDs patients
50
Bacteria neonatal meningitis
Group B Streptococcus/passed to baby during childbirth-leading to serious infections in newborn
51
Streptococcus Pneumoniae/
AKA: Pneumococcus/Majority of bacterial pneumonias
52
Viral Meningitis
90% enterovirus
53
Common mode of transmission of neonatal meningitis
Vertical-Mother to baby during childbirth
54
Acute Encephalitis
Herpes Simplex Virus/Arboviruses
55
How to prevent arbovirus
PPE, environmental management/vaccinations/ community efforts to control mosquitos and ticks
56
Toxoplasma gondii
Cats
57
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
Rapid neurological decline/death
58
Neurotoxin tetanospasmin
Clostridium tetani/causes tetanus
59
S/S Botulism & Tetanus
Tetanus: muscle stiffness/spasms due to overactive muscle spasms Botulism: muscle weakness/paralysis due to muscle contraction
60
3 forms of Botulism
Food infant Wound
61
Viral Miningitis
90% Enterovirus Majority occurs in kids
62
Streptococcus agalactiae
Group B Strep Most common cause of Neonatal meningitis
63
Escherichia Coli
Suspected if baby premature
64
Meningoencephalitis
Brain eating Enters nasal passage unclean water 97% fatality
65
Encephalitis
inflammation of brain
66
Encephalitis
Serious condition Can present as acute or subacute Tissue of brain extremely sensitive to damage done by the inflammatory process
67
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
arbovirus/highest mortality rate
68
Acute Encephalitis
Arbovirus/prevention: Insect control
69
Subacute Encephalitis
Toxoplasma gondii/Prevention: Personal hygiene/Food safety
70
Prions
Mad cow disease/death within 1 year/avoid contaminated meat
71

Microbiology (3 decks)

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