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Psychopathology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration

A

Bipolar Disorder

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2
Q

What are some examples of mania symptoms in children?

A

More talkative, too many thoughts, distractibility, increased goals, risk-taking behaviors, decreased sleep

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3
Q

When is BP usually diagnosed?

A

20-25 yrs old

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4
Q

How is bipolar 1 distinct from bipolar 2

A

Bipolar 1 disorder: manic + major depressive episodes (optional)
Bipolar 2: hypomanic + major depressive episodes (required)

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5
Q

Periods of over-active and high energy behavior that can have a significant impact on your day-to-day life, milder version of mania that typically lasts for a shorter period

A

Hypomania/mania

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6
Q

An extreme manic state marked by constant activity, erratic behavior, disorientation, and incoherent speech

A

Hypermania

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7
Q

For full manic episodes have to last at least a full ____

A

week

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8
Q

_____/______ mood OR _________ mood HAVE to be present to be considered a manic episode

A

elevated/expansive or irritable

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9
Q

What is the difference between up pole, down pole, and mixed

A

up pole = pure mania
down pole = pure depression
mixed = depression co-occuring with manic episodes

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10
Q

Suicide has a higher rate with which mental illness?

A

Bipolar disorder

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11
Q

Repetitive thinking or dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences

A

rumination

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12
Q

What are some features of bipolar disorder?

A

high heritability, exists on a continuum, associated w higher class, huge suicide risk

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13
Q

Manias that alternate with depression but not in a pattern

A

cycling

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14
Q

Why does bipolar disorder lead to increased risk of suicide?

A

because of the combo with depression and impulsivity, not only do you think the bad things but you act on them

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15
Q

The presence of at least 4 mood episodes in the previous 12 months that meet the criteria for manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode

A

Rapid Cycling

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16
Q

What treatments are used for bipolar disorder?

A

Antipsychotic meds and psychotherapy

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17
Q

A neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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18
Q

What are the core features of ASD?

A

social/interpersonal difficulties, language/communication deficits and irregularities, restricted/stereotypes behavior patterns

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19
Q

For modern views on ASD the causal perspective is far more biological meaning that _______ is high

A

heritability

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20
Q

What are some features of social/interpersonal difficulties?

A

averted gaze, limited cuddling, poor peer relationships, lack of joint social attention, lack of social interests

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21
Q

What are some features of language/communication deficits and irregularities

A

slow development, odd language, low communicative ability, less pretend play and language

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22
Q

What are some features of restricted/stereotypes behavior patterns

A

specific focused interests, reliance on routine , and stereotyped motor movements

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23
Q

ASD is now found to be comorbid with what?

A

ADHD

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24
Q

Symptom of bipolar disorder that consists of an unrealistic sense of superiority in which someone believes themself to be unique and better than others

A

Grandiosity

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25
Q

Bipolar disorder is highly misdiagnosed as _______ because if mania is serious enough psychosis may emerge

A

Schizophrenia

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26
Q

Causes emotional ups and downs, but they’re not as extreme as those in bipolar I or II disorder, you experience periods when your mood noticeably shifts up and down from your baseline

A

Cyclothymia

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27
Q

What are Liebenlufts four phenotypes for bipolar disorder?

A

Narrow, two intermediate, and broad

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28
Q

Expand on the two intermediate phenotypes of bipolar disorder

A

adult manic symptoms but shorter episodes
mania but irritability as primary symptom

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29
Q

Classic bipolar or _______

A

narrow

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29
Q

Severe mood dysregulation (SMD) with extreme irritability and not cyclic at all

A

Broad

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30
Q

More men complete suicide because they use ____ while women have more attempts as they use _________

A

guns/medications

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31
Q

Non-suicidal self injury is mostly done by ______ and has onset as early as _____

A

girls; 11 years old

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32
Q

There is 1 completed suicide every __ minutes in the U.S.

A

15

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33
Q

Self inflected injury but without express intent to end ones life

A

Non-Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI)

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34
Q

Why do some people practice NSSI?

A

no outlet, relieve tension, alexithymia, shame, OCD like compulsion

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35
Q

NSSI has a ____ range as it can be in the form of nail biting to burning oneself

A

HUGE

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36
Q

What might be some antidotes for NSSI?

A

ability to talk about it, lower stressors, validation

37
Q

Black and white thinking, they are all bad but I am good, the worst versus the best

A

Splitting

38
Q

Psychotherapy that teaches people to accept their thoughts, feelings and behaviours, and the techniques to change them

A

Dialectal Behavior Therapy

39
Q

The shared focus of two individuals on an object. It is achieved when one individual alerts another to an object by means of eye-gazing, pointing or other verbal or non-verbal indications

A

Joint Attention

40
Q

Greek definition “literal mark of shame”, previously in the form of physical branding but today psychological branding

A

Stigma

41
Q

Who are the most stigmatized outgroups today?

A

mentally ill, substance abusers, and homeless

42
Q

Negative expectations about a person (cognitive)

A

Stereotypes

43
Q

Negative feelings about a person related to the stereotype (affect)

A

Prejudice

44
Q

Acting on negative feelings (behavior)

A

Discrimination

45
Q

Internalized stigma application of public stigma to oneself when diagnosed with mental illness

A

Self Stigma

46
Q

Stigma given to those associated with the stigmatized group, parents blamed for children’s issues or professionals who work with mental health

A

Courtesy Stigma

46
Q

Societal-level conditions, cultural norms, and institutional policies
that constrain the opportunities, resources, and well-being of the
stigmatize

A

Structural Stigma

47
Q

What is the process of developing self stigma?

A

Awareness -> Agreement -> Apply -> Harm

47
Q

What are cultural evidence of stigma?

A

Media depictions, language/jokes, laws

48
Q

What are the effects of self stigma?

A

failure to seek treatment

49
Q

Reason for stigma where mental illness threatens perceivers sense of stability

A

“threat” theory

50
Q

If a negative attribute is believed to be stable, pervasive, and/or controllable then it will be more stigmatized, like mental illness versus physical health issues

A

Attribution Theory

51
Q

Media images convey strong sense of violence and incompetence as always linked to mental illness

A

Conditioning/Learning theory

52
Q

The affected academic skills are substantially and
quantifiably below those expected for the individual’s
chronological age, and cause significant interference with academic or occupational performance, or with activities of daily living, as confirmed by individually administered standardized achievement measures and comprehensive clinical assessment

A

Specific Learning Disorder

53
Q

LD diagnosed when score is low on the normal curve for children that age (25-75th percentile is considered as average). Diagnosis given at 25th percentile, some researchers think 10th percentile

A

Low Achievement Model

54
Q

What are the key issues with the low achievement model?

A

cut off is arbitrary and it waits for student to fails before given diagnosis

55
Q

LD diagnosed when scores are characterized as “unexpected underachievement”, achievement scores fall significantly below IQ scores

A

Discrepancy Model

56
Q

What are key issues with the discrepancy model?

A

How far below is considered a discrepancy (variable) and also waits for students to fail

57
Q

Usually means that reading, math, or writing levels are significantly below what would be predicted from IQ

A

Learning Disability

58
Q

Greek term for reading disability

A

Dyslexia

59
Q

Greek term for math disability

A

Dyscalculia

60
Q

Greek term for writing disability

A

Dysgraphia

61
Q

Listen, comprehending, and speaking problems

A

Communication Disorder

62
Q

At the root of not only expressive language disorders and phonological disorders but also reading disorders

A

problems in phonological awareness

63
Q

What behavior pattern is a the biggest predictor of later school underachievement (age 3-5)

A

Inattention

64
Q

Deficits in spoken language

A

Expressive language disorders

65
Q

What other disorders are comorbid with learning disorders?

A

ADHD and ODD

66
Q

What are the consequences of learning disorders?

A

Social/peer problems, family stress =, self image, later academic/employment success

67
Q

Fear of weight gain or becoming fat, despite being underweight; refusal to maintain minimally adequate body weight. Body Weight: dangerously underweight

A

Anorexia Nervosa

68
Q

Eating disorder that consists of binging followed by compensatory behaviors. Body weight: slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight

A

Bullimia Nervosa

69
Q

Binges similar to bulimia nervosa but without the compensatory behaviors. Body Weight: overweight or obese

A

Binge Eating Disorder

70
Q

What are some psychological associations relative to eating disorders?

A

bad thoughts ab body, OCD, impulse problems

71
Q

Over-concern to level of delusion about perceived body flaw

A

Body Dysmorphia

72
Q

What are some risk factors for eating disorders?

A

family, heritability, and abuse

73
Q

What other conditions have comorbidity with eating disorders?

A

Depression, Anxiety, ADHD

74
Q

What are some treatments for eating disorders?

A

SSRI’s, inpatient care, family based therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy

75
Q

What is the best evidence based treatment for antisocial behavior? (ODD, CD)

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

76
Q

“All roads lead to Rome” is an expression that exemplifies what principle of Developmental Psychopathology?

A

Equifinality

77
Q

What is the problem with referring children for treatment?

A

Usually done by adults so its not willing and mostly for externalizing behaviors only

78
Q

Stepping in to change conditions, stopping something from arising

A

Prevention

79
Q

Eating disorders have an early onset as the study showed about __% of __ year olds reported concerns about weight

A

50%, 9

80
Q

Stepping in to help something that has already developed

A

Treatment

81
Q

What are the three prevention types?

A

universal/primary, targeted/secondary, indicated,tertiary

82
Q

Approaches designed to address risk factors in entire populations

A

Universal/Primary

83
Q

Strategy that targets groups who are identified because they share a significant risk factor, high risk groups

A

Targeted/Secondary

84
Q

Entails intervention with those who have significant symptoms of a disorder, but may not yet meet diagnostic criteria for the disorder, for those with a condition but potential to alter their course

A

Indicated/Tertiary

85
Q

In medication and psychosocial treatment the benefit of multiple approaches combined

A

Additive, (1+1 = 2)

86
Q

In medication and psychosocial treatment more than an added benefit

A

Synergy (1 + 1 =4)

87
Q

In medication and psychosocial treatment the benefit of only one even if you take both

A

Reciprocation (1+1 = 1)

88
Q

In medication and psychosocial treatment when combined are worse than each on its own

A

Negative (1+1 = 0.5 or 0)

89
Q

In medication and psychosocial treatment different benefits for different outcomes

A

Complementary

Psychopathology (3 decks)

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