Exam 3 Flashcards
Honors 21 poleis who stood together against Persia
The Serpent Column of Delphi
Author of Peloponesian war biography. Hometown is Amiphipolis. scientific, rationality, human causes. Sent to stop Brasidas, fails, so is exiled. He becomes the correspondent type. Lived in Athens during the plague
Thucydides’ biographic information
A warmonger who attacks Athens. Spartan Euphor; 432 BCE. Only because they broke the 30 year peace.
Sthenelaidas.
Parents of Alexander the Great. Father headed Macedon takeover of Greece, dissolves Chalcidic league, unified Greece. Made his own temples. His Mother’s birth was so important the god’s stopped what they were doing to watch
Philip and Olympias
Attempt to get first hand accounts of what happened during the wars from people who were there and took part in the events. He tried to talk to as many people as possible to get a well-rounded account
Thucydides’ historical method/agenda
A battle that took place in 406 BCE near the city of Canae in the Arginusae islands. 8 Athenian strategoi beat a spartan fleet under callicratidas. After the battle, a storm prevented the ships from rescuing the 25 sunken or disabled ships, so a lot of people died. 6 of the 8 generals were executed
Arginusae
Plato created this story to talk about Athens. A morality tale intended to educate young athenians on the dangers of power and hubris.
Atlantis
was the name given by the Romans to the Greek-speaking coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present-day Italian regions of Calabria, Apulia, Basilicata, Campania and Sicily; these regions were extensively populated by Greek settlers starting from the 8th century BC.[2]
Magna Graecia
The man who took over the war effort in Sparta. The shield Athens took when Sparta surrendered was his.
Brasidas
an Athenian Assembly concerning reprisals against the city-state of Mytilene, which had attempted unsuccessfully to revolt against Athenian hegemony and gain control over Lesbos during the Peloponnesian War. The debate occurred in 427 BC. In the immediate aftermath of the revolt, the Athenians had decided to execute all Mytilenean men and enslave the women and children, but gathered the next day to reconsider. Thucydides reports the revolt and the resultant debate in book three of his History of the Peloponnesian War, and the opposing viewpoints concerning the warranted retributive justice are reflected in two speeches given by prominent Athenians. The events and speeches serve as an opportunity to explore the political and ideological impact of the war, and provide reflections on democracy and imperial policy.
Caused by the fact that Mytilene had an oligarchy and not democracy, and they appealed to Sparta for help and they said no
Mytilienian revolt/debate
A neutral island that was forced by Athens to pick a side. There was a dialogue describing their dilemma. The options were die free or live as slaves.
“Might makes Right.”
Melos/Melian Dialogue
The empire that took over Greece in 146 BCE. However, they recognize Greece did a lot for the world, such as 4 of the 7 wonders, Palestra, Olympics, Lighthouse, etc. Uses Greece for inspiration in their empire
Rome and Greece
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Great Pyramids of Giza
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Colossus of Rhodes
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
7 wonders of the ancient world
Where 600 Athenians crash landed, also where the Spartans surrender. A spartan shield is brought to Athens
Pylos and Sphacteria
One of Sparta’s allies. 3rd strongest navy, wants to attack immediately
Corinth
the 50 year peace (478-435 BCE)
Pentecontaetia
399 BCE, Forced suicide by poisoning because Athens needed a scapegoat for losing the war. They killed him on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth.
Socrates’ death
418 BCE. Sparta v. Argos and Athens, where Sparta wins. Argos and Elis, apologize to Sparta and go back to being allies with them. I believe Corinth and Boeotia apologize as well.
Battle of Mantinea
Sparta’s supreme commander at the end of the Persian War. gets a big head because of this. His name is inscribed on 1st Persian spoil to Delphic oracle. Athens starts spreading rumors that he is in bed with Persia. He is sent into exile
Pausanias
had the power of Greece from 371-62. in 362, there is a battle that is Athens v. Sparta and Thebes. Thebes wins but they lose power
Thebes
King of Macedon from 413-399 BCE. He murdered his Uncle Alcetas and his unnamed seven and a half year old brother to get to the throne
King Archelaus
405 BCE. The last major battle of the Peloponnesian war, where Spartan army under Lysander destroyed the Athenian Navy. 200 Athenian warships
Unknown amount of Spartans
On coast of Hellespont, off coast of Thrace
More than 190 Athenian ships captured or destroyed
Sparta takes over Delian/Athenian League
Forces Athens to abandon democracy
30 tyrants of Athens–pro sparta oligarchy
Aegospotami
415-413: A journey led by Alcibiades that results in an attack on Herms (no one knows how or why), an eclipse, and then Syracuse captures the Athenian forces and 7000 Athenians are forced to work/die in mines
Sicilian Expedition
His birth was divine, conquered Persia and like the entire world, good looking and charismatic, expansion program and military record
Alexander’s greatness?
a political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument.
Demagogues
Kinda the guy who takes over for Thucydides when he dies. He captures Babylon in 401 BCE and his book anabasis recounts his adventure with the ten thousand while in the service of Cyrus the younger
Xenophon
Designed to ensure that Persia doesn’t mount a comeback and attempt to recapture the greek colonies in Ionia
Delian League
406 BCE. A Spartan naval victory in the Peloponnesian War. Prior to the battle, the Athenian commander, Alcibiades, left his helmsman, Antiochus, in command of the Athenian fleet, which was blockading the Spartan fleet in Ephesus. In violation of his orders, Antiochus attempted to draw the Spartans into battle by tempting them with a small decoy force. His strategy backfired, and the Spartans under Lysander scored a small but symbolically significant victory over the Athenian fleet. This victory resulted in the downfall of Alcibiades, and established Lysander as a commander who could defeat the Athenians at sea.
Battle of Notium (Ephesus)
Athens built these walls in their reconstruction phase, but they stretched all the way down to their harbors and seemed excessive so people got worried. Athenians were able to control all trade, and if they were attacked, they would hurt surrounding area, not Athens.
The “Long Walls” of Athens
I’m pretty sure this was just a way to get Alcibiades back in power after he slept with the Spartan king’s wife. He’s just fined and then moves on with life
Oligarchic coup of 411 BCE
A plague that in 430 BCE that struck Athens. Thucydides lived through this, Seen as a bad omen. But, the translation could also mean famine so who really knows
Plague of Athens
A battle urged on by Alcibiades. They can’t breach either form the Epipolae or via her fleet. But then, there is an eclipse. And yada yada slaves in mines, Alcibiades sucks, the end.
Syracuse
467 BCE. Led by Cimon, Persia is (un)officially defeated.
The River Eurymedon
Turns Athens into this big power hungry state. Makes the walls, is also exiled and accused of messing around with Persia, though I don’t think that one worked as well.
Themistocles
“The speech of the Corcyraeans places greater emphasis upon expediency (to sumpheron) than on what is just (to dikaion), that of the Corinthians justice more than expediency.”
One side of Epidamnus calls Corcyra, the other Corinth. Athens debates who to side with, and then sides with Corcyra.
Corcyraean Debate
were one of the four major tribes into which Herodotus divided the Greeks, along with the Aeolians, Ionians and Dorians.
Northwestern part of the Peloponnesian peninsula.
Acharnae
Allies with Athens and Corinth, but uninvolved. Athens besieges them in 432 BCE.
Potidaea
one of the kings of Sparta in the years preceding the Peloponnesian War. His coolness and presence of mind are said to have saved the Spartan state from destruction on the occasion of the great earthquake of 464 BCE. He was generally chill and preferred logic over just running into battle
King Archidamnus
Originally a colony of ancient Athenians and was the site of the battle between the Spartans and Athenians in 422 BC. It was later the place where Alexander the Great prepared for campaigns leading to his invasion of Asia in 335 BC. Alexander’s three finest admirals, Nearchus, Androsthenes and Laomedon, resided in Amphipolis. After Alexander’s death, his wife Roxana and their son Alexander IV were imprisoned and murdered there in 311 BC
Amphipolis
a historical region that encompasses the entire Athens metropolitan area, which consists of the city of Athens, the capital of Greece and the core city of the metropolitan area, as well as its surrounding suburban cities and towns. It is a peninsula projecting into the Aegean Sea, bordering on Boeotia to the north and Megaris to the west. The southern tip of the peninsula, known as Laurion, was an important mining region. The southwestern coast of Attica, also known as the Athens Riviera, forms the eastern coastline of the Saronic Gulf. Mountains separate the peninsula into the plains of Pedias, Mesogeia, and the Thriasian Plain. There are also hills and such
Attica landscape
464 BC, this conflict was sparked by a massive earthquake that struck Sparta, causing widespread destruction and chaos. Seizing the opportunity, the helots, many of whom were of Messenian descent, staged a large-scale revolt against their Spartan overlords.
Third messenian war
A funky little statue of Hermes was desecrated. This is seen as a bad omen 415 BCE.
Herms
Ancient Greek region and city-state in the northwestern corner of the Peloponnese, well known for its horse breeding and for the Olympic Games, which were allegedly founded there in 776 BC.
Elis
a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat.[1] Such a victory negates any true sense of achievement or damages long-term progress.
named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:
Pyrrhic victory
431: Pericles gives this. It’s supposed to be like a State of the union where you honor who have fallen in war and say what happened, but he breaks rank and talks about how good Athens is
Funeral oration
465: it fails. It’s just another “we don’t need the delian league” revolt
Revolt of Thasos
guy who says “democracy is incapable of governing others.” and ‘pity is only good for people who will pith us when it’s necessary, not our enemies.” So he wants to punish everyone.
Cleon
The guy who is against cleon, defends reason and deliberation, argues penalties don’t deter crime, proposes better admin.
Diodotus
Alexander’s horse, who has a grand funeral and im pretty sure a town is named after him
Bucephalus
A little shit who is Cleon’s replacement. He’s charismatic and rich, etc etc, and is sent into exile when his battle fails. but then he comes back
Alcibiades
he became the principal rival of Cleon and the democrats in the struggle for the political leadership of the Athenian state. He was a moderate in his political views and opposed the aggressive imperialism of the democrats. His principal aim was to conclude a peace with Sparta as soon as it could be obtained on terms favourable to Athens.
He was regularly elected to serve as strategos (general) for Athens during the Peloponnesian War. He led several expeditions which achieved little. Nevertheless, he was largely responsible for the successful negotiations which led to the Peace of Nicias in 421 BC.
Nicias
He’s a trojan prince that escaped trojan war and 400 years after he marries, his descendants–romulus and remus–will start Rome. (moreso Romulus but I love remus)
Aeneas
A colony of Corcyra that has a civil war. One half calls on Corcyra, the other calls on Corinth
Epidamnus
The prophecy thing
Delphi/Delphic oracle
357-355: revolted from Athens.
Cyclades
Write the name of person on a shard. This happens to Thucydides
Ostracism
Wants to try diplomacy with Sparta.
“prepare for war and bring into the city all that you can carry.”
gives funeral oration
defends passivity before athenian assembly
Pericles
an established Greek polis or city-state and the regional political capital. Trade flourished, Doric architecture from Greece was assimilated, there was an independent army and even a mint. An emporium on the coast allowed for the trade and export of locally produced goods such as wine, corn, wool, walnuts, wood, and olives. Segesta did not have everything her own way, though. The construction of fortification walls suggests a significant threat from enemy city-states and between 580 and 576 BCE,
Also part of Sicily expedition
Segesta
