Exam 2 Flashcards
Sparta and the Persian wars
The son of King Darius; recaptures Egypt; invades Greece again; made the boat bridge
Xerxes
Mythic Spartan King (700-630 BCE); kickstarts the Spartan War; his father was either Heracles or Dorian Invaders
Lycurgus of Sparta
Reigned 530-522 BCE; Conquers Egypt the first time; dies doing so
Cambyses the II, King of Persia
Borders: Balkan mountains in the North, Aegan Sea in the South, Black Sea to East; Subjugated by Darius
Thrace
Tells Xerxes not to invade Greece, gets sent home; also the guy who said that Massagetai; known as Wise
Artabanus
Is sent to get Thrace back in 492; urges Xerxes to invade Greece; killed in 497
Mardonius
A series of naval invasions over three days during 2nd invasion; located in Northern Euboea, Greece
Artemisium
502 BCE: A revolt from Persia. A guy named Aristagoras is tasked with recapturing this place. He’s given 200 ships but he also fucks up the job and runs away. Histiaeus tattoos a message into a slaves head and sends it to A, who then plans a new revolt in this place. The revolt fails and A dies in thrace
The revolt and Siege of Naxos
The lieutenant governor of Miletus. He’s very ambitious, and his job is taken over by Aristagoras when he starts to rebel and is called back to the supervision of the Persian king
Histiaeus
Histiaeus’ replacement
Aristagoras
This is where the Persians dug their canal, which took three years
Mt. Athos
This was the Spartan’s government, which combined a kingship, oligarchy, and democracy
Spartan Mixed constitution
small kingdom centered along the Aegean Sea on the Northeastern part of the Greek Peninsula; served the Achaemenid Empire
Macedonia
Empire that developed out of the Hittites (1200 BCE); ruled by Croesus in the 550s; Colonies captured by Persia
Lydia
A battle where Greeks were outnumbered 7,000 to 300,000. They held their position against Persia for two days until they were betrayed
Thermopylae
Subjugated Thrace; did a lot of the expansion during the Persian war
Darius the Great (521-486 BCE)
Second tier citizens of Sparta, acted as contacts of outside world
Perioikoi
480 BCE: Greeks defeated the Persian fleet off of this island
Battle of Salamis
An icon! ruled during the overlordship of Xerxes and participated in Xerxes’ invasion of Greece
Artemisia
Classical expression of defiance (come and get [them])
Molon Labe
The main harbor of Athens, which leads to overseas colonization
Piraeus
An area captured by Cyrus. Google says they’re from Iran but I remember in class he mentioned Russia? Idk. Either way they’re from Central Asia
massagetae
Cyrus slaughters her entire delegation, and her son kills himself, but she is the one to kill Cyrus, beheading him
Queen Tomyris
The athenian general who succeeds Miltiades. He’s the one who leads the greeks to victory at Battle of Salamis
Themistocles
Spartan king who died standing against Persians at Thermopylae
King Leonidas I of Sparta
An emergency meeting in Greece after information about Persia and Mt. Athos emerges
Congress at Corinth
The guy who betrayed the greeks in hopes he would receive some reward from the Persians
Ephialtes
Where the second Persian invasion was decidedly ended
Plataea
Tattoos, piercings, worships the sun, wear costumes
Persian Culture
Captured by Cyrus, burned to the ground
Sardis
Croesus has a banquet for this man, attempting to fish for compliments. The guy says no and says that his son will die. Etc Etc basically a whole lesson in not cheating fate
Solon the Wise
Led by Aristagoras, a revolt in Persia. The revolt failed, and Sardis was burned because of it
Ionian Revolt
The first historian, probably made up like a large amount of what he says. Is especially racist towards cultures he doesn’t understand (hippos, animal people)
Heroductus
Reigned 560-546 BCE. The guy who pissed off Solon the Wise. Shows traits like Hubris, Impious, Rashness, and Ambition
Croesus, king of Lydia
Barbaroi
barbarians
The king who was assassinated by King Gyges because he made Gyges see his wife naked without his wife’s consent
King Candaules (735-718 BCE)
Tattoos
Steganography
“The people you eat with” in Sparta. It’s essentially a frat. A failure to secure a spot means you have to go into voluntary exile.
Syssition
A greek colony conquered by Lydian King Alyattes, but then Lydia ends up befriending Athens and this colony, so they’re chill
Miletus
The guy who ran and asked Sparta for help against the first Persian invasion.
Pheidippides
A community where you train from a young age, there is no economy, no class status, they eat tar essentially, and use laconic wit
Spartan society
A being that says prophecies
Delphic Oracle
First location of Persian revolt (10,000 men to 100,000 men). Where the Persians were defeated by the Greeks method of surrounding
Marathon
Secret Spartan Police aimed at instilling fear and terror in Helot communities by periodic attacks
Krypteia
This happened when Cyrus captured Babylon and the Median Empire
Rise of Persia
Ancient name of the narrow passageway between the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The connecting boundary between Europe and Asia
Hellespont
A state whose power derives from its naval or commercial supremacy on the seas.
Thalassocracy
The foundation of the Persian empire. Attacked by Croesus
Medes
The like, head military general of Athens that helped the Athenians win battle of Marathon
Miltiades
The community Sparta took over and essentially enslaved
Helots
