Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

envs 237 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

types of water issues

A

water scarcity - not having enough drinking water
water quality - polluted vs unpolluted water
water management/flow - how humans impact water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

role of evaporation in hydrological cycle

A

evaporation pulls water from the surface of the earth, and returns it to water in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

role of transpiration in hydrologic cycle

A

transpiration takes water from leaves and returns it as water in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

role of infiltration in hydrologic cycle

A

filters water through layers of soil, cleaning it, and returning it to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

polarity - like dissolves like

A

polar molecules attract other polar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

polar covalent bonds

A

atoms are not shared equally between two atoms
electronegativity difference = less than 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

non-polar covalent

A

atoms are shared nearly equally between two atoms
electronegativity difference = greater than 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

intermolecular bond

A

hydrogen bonds (bonds between two molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hydrogen bond

A

because of polarity, two water molecules are attracted to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how to predict polarity of bond based on electronegativity values of elements in the bond

A

how this can be used to determine polarity
7a column is most electronegative at the top, going to least electronegative in 1a column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

molarity (M)

A

moles/liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

convert between concentration units for liquid solutions

A

mass solute/mass solution
mass solute/volume solution
particle solute/volume solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

use molar mass to convert between mass/volume and molarity

A

PRACTICE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

micro grams and miligrams

A

micro = parts per billion
milli - parts per million
ONLY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ppm for gas vs for aqueous solutions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chemical formula for ionic compounds between two ions

A

cations come first, add ide to anions, the number of cations and anions are fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

identify charge of an element based on chemical name

A

practice problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

polar molecules and regions of a molecule

A

soluble in water
OH- groups make molecules soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why might larger molecules be more soluble in water

A

the bonds are weaker because the molecule is larger?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how solubility influences the movement of a substance in the environment

A

more soluble = more able to move through the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bases

A

neutralize H+ ions by releasing OH- ions
can absorb H+
(acids release H+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dissociation reaction for acids and bases

A

acids - HCl –> H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
bases - NaOH –> Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

examples of strong acids

A

HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

examples of strong bases

A

NaOH

25
Q

examples of weak acids

A

CHOOH

26
Q

use logs to convert between concentration of H+

A

pH=log[H+]
[H+] = 10^-pH

27
Q

examples of weak bases

A

NH3

28
Q

use definition of pH to compare H+ between two solutions of different pH

A

the difference in pH levels (through subtraction) is the power to which one is larger

29
Q

write neutralization reactions between acids and bases

A

H2O=H+ + OH-

30
Q

determine pH from H+ or H+ from pH

A

practice problem

31
Q

use pH definition and water equilibrium to determine concentration of OH_ in a solution based on H+ or pH

A

practice problem

32
Q

acid formation reaction for carbonic acid

A

CO2 + H2O

33
Q

carbonate

A

mineralized form of carbon

34
Q

bicarbonate

A

HCO3

35
Q

carbonic acid

A

H2CO3

36
Q

acid dissociation equilibrium reactions

A

practice problem

37
Q

how can bicarbonate and carbonate act as bases

A

carbonates can accept a hydrogen in H2O which gives them an OH molecule

38
Q

how does calcium carbonate help maintain ocean pH of 8.0

A

if calcium carbonate acts as a base, then the addition of calcium carbonate would increase pH

39
Q

why is rain naturally acidic

A

carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid which makes rain acidic

40
Q

combustion reactions that produce SO2 and NO

A
41
Q

reactions that form SO3 and NO2

A
42
Q

acid formation reactions for sulfuric acid

A

H2O + SO3 –> H2SO4(aq)

43
Q

acid formation reactions for sulfurous acid

A

H2O + SO2 –> H2SO3 (aq)

44
Q

acid formation of nitric acid

A

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 –> 4HNO3 (aq)

45
Q

role of ozone in formation of nitric acid in atmosphere

A
46
Q

how much of a pollutant may be formed during combustion based on the quality of coal combusted

A

practice problems

47
Q

D.O.

A

dissolved oxygen
temperature dependent
mg/L

48
Q

conductivity

A

ions in the water (dissolved salts)
dissolved minerals

49
Q

turbidity

A

measures total suspended solids
algal growth
mg/L

50
Q

mercury

A

heavy metal
coal mining

51
Q

nitrogen and phosphorous

A

NH4, NO3, NO2, PO4
fertilizer runoff

52
Q

B.O.D.

A

biological oxygen demand
natural organic matter
wastewater treatment plants

53
Q

Benzene

A

marker of persistent pollutants
gas leakage

54
Q

fecal coliform

A

pathogens
CAFO runoff
sewage overflow

55
Q

water hardness

A

concentration of Ca and Mg

56
Q

B.O.D. and eutrification - how oxygen depletion occurs

A

more BOD = more eutrification

57
Q

N.O.M. vs P.O.P

A

NOM - natural organic matter that is a part of normal ecosystem functions
POP - persistent organic pollutants, accumulate in fat tissue (not broken down)

58
Q

differences between how P.O.Ps are monotored vs other types of pollutants

A

pops are monotored very closely through tests
other types of pollutants are easier to spot without tests

59
Q

P.O.Ps vs heavy metals in drinking water

A

envs 237 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions