Exam 3

Question 1

Jihadi Salafism

Answer 1

-Associate only w/ “true” Muslims
-Break ties with anyone who questions narrow interpretation of Salafi Islam
-Root out traitors to Islam like Hamas and Muslim brotherhood because they compromise
-Wage offensive jihad against idolatry (non-Salafi culture)

Question 2

Cold War Origins

Answer 2

-Saudi Arabia important ally to US (same stance against Soviet Union)
-modern jihadist power grew from Cold War (militant Islamic used by West against communist countries)

Question 3

Soviet-Afghan War

Answer 3

-Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan
-State Dpt got Arab and other Islamic allies to send money and religious puritans (mujahedeen)

Question 4

Rise of Osama bin Laden

Answer 4

-bin Laden reputation grew as mujahedeen searched for continuing jihad
-inspired by mujahedeen of Afghanistan, bin Laden dropped out of college to join Soviet-Afghan War

Question 5

bin Laden & Abdullah Azzam

Answer 5

-Azzam, a doctor of Islamic Law, influenced bin Laden
-Azzam wanted Muslims to rise and strike Satan
-bin Laden finance mujahedeen operations and taught guerillas how to fortify battlefield & became battlefield hero

Question 6

Early al Qaeda

Answer 6

-bin Laden first cause was Saudi gov’t and corrupt royal family
-Saudi gov’t allowed US troops to be stationed in Saudi Arabia

Question 7

The Egyptian Islamic Group

Answer 7

-3 factors cause rise of Islamic Group (IG)
1. 1981 assassination of Anwar Sadat
2. Failure of Arab nationalism
3. Decline of Arab socialism
-IG connected w/ 1993 World Trade Center Bombing (Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman)

Question 8

bin Laden Returns to Afghanistan

Answer 8

-bin Laden entrepreneurial efforts gave him the freedom to finance and lead al Qaeda
-linked bomb attack in Yemen to bin Laden
-bin Laden claimed he trained and supported troops that took down US Army Black Hawk helicopter

Question 9

Declaring War on the US

Answer 9

-Seated in front of camera bin Laden declared war on US in 1996
-in 1998 bin Laden’s terrorists bombed US embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
-Khalid Sheik Mohammed planned 9/11 and put people in place

Question 10

ISIS

Answer 10

-controlled the best media outlets among Jahadist Salafi movement
-managed oil production, ran its own banking system, operated schools and healthcare facilities and est gov’t
-2014 Mosul (2nd most important Iraq city) fell to ISIS

Question 11

Pakistan

Answer 11

-Pakistan became a country in 1947
-2 international issues dominate Pakistan: nuclear weapons and relations w/ United States

Question 12

Philippines’ three terrorist groups

Answer 12

-Moro National Liberation Front
-Moro Islamic Liberation
-Abu Sayyuf

Question 13

Homegrown Violent Extremists

Answer 13

-homegrown extremists are Americans or American residents who adopt the jihadist philosophy
-two styles of homegrown attacks
1. radicalized from personal experiences
2. radicalized with foreign connection

Question 14

FBI Definition of Terrorism

Answer 14

threats that originate outside the US

Question 15

Sovereign Citizens

Answer 15

-free of American citizenship
-two governments (Legitimate common law vs illegitimate fed & state gov’t)
-paper terrorism: false liens, bogus checks, drafts against non-existent accounts
-no single ideology
-30+ LE have been killed in confrontations w/ sovereign citizens

Question 16

Turner Diaries

Answer 16

-diatribe against minorities and Jews
-How-to manual for low-level terrorism
-psychological inspo for violence

Question 17

Hunter

Answer 17

-tells story of a lone wolf named Hunter who decides to launch a one-person revolution
-he stalks the streets to kill African Americans, interracial couples and Jews

Question 18

Earth Liberation Front (ELF)

Answer 18

responsible for more than 600 criminal acts since 1996 using tactics like sabotage, tree spiking, property damage, and arson
-ecoterrorism include raids of farms, destruction of animal research labs, and sabotage of industrial equipment & arson
-ecoterrorists are uncompromising, illogical extremists

Question 19

Anti Abortion Violence

Answer 19

bombing and arson

Question 20

David Nice Explanations for Violent Political Behavior

Answer 20

1. Social controls break down under stress and urbanization
2. Violence increases when people are unsatisfied w political outcomes
3. Violence reinforced by social and cultural values
4. Violence stems from groups strength or weakness, lack of faith in political system, or frustration w economic conditions

Question 21

Homegrown Jihadists

Answer 21

-Prison system is incubator
-not American problem or limited to radical Islam
-bottom up event
-some are self recruited, self motivated, and self trained