exam 3 Flashcards
the pressure that blood exerts upon the walls the walls of blood vessels
blood pressure - to measure blood pressure, its systolic over diastolic
when heart contracts to send blood throughout the body
systolic (top value; s-squeeze)
heart is at rest, allows chambers to fill with blood
diastolic (bottom value; d-dead rest)
cardiac output
CO (mL/min) = heart rate (b/min) x stroke volume (mL/b)
average stroke volume
75 mL/b
normal blood pressure
<120/<80
prehypertension
120-129/ < 80
hypertension 1
130-139/ 80-89
hypertension 2
> 140/ >90
hypertensive
> 180/>120
sa node sends electrical signal across both atria
p
signal reaches av node
p-q
signal travels down bundle of HIS; ORS Complex ( atrias get ready to contract - depolarize and repolarize )
ORS
signal splits down left and right branches of HIS; ventricles get ready to contract
s-t
signal spreads through purkinje fibers; ventricles relax and prepare for next cycle
t
what is this?
initial exposure to antigen A
what is this?
primary immune response
what is this?
secondary exposure to antigen A
what is this?
secondary immune response
which one is the unhealthy artery?
on the right - clogged artery
vital capacity (VC) - inspiratory reserve volume (IRC) + tidal volume (TV) =
ERV
Vital Capacity (VC) + Residual Volume (RV)
TLC
acts as a physical barrier between the external environment & the internal environment of the human body. It is salty & has hairs to catch/stop foreign materials & pathogens.
skin
compartments/layers that protect ocular, nasopharyngeal, respiratory, oral, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary mucosae. It provides defense against toxic agents that enter the body through the mucosal membrane. It comprises of epithelium covered by mucus.
mucus membranes
controls the level of white blood cells, red blood cells (RBCs) & platelets (small cells that form blood clots). It screens the blood & removes any old or damaged RBCs.
spleen
is responsible for producing & maturing lymphocytes, or immune cells. These include T-cells, a type of WBC that defends the body from infections.
thymus
is the spongy tissue inside bones that produces RBCs, platelets & WBCs. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced in the bone marrow & play an important part in the body’s immune system.
bone marrow
like lymph nodes they help filter out germs that enter through your nose or mouth to protect the rest of the body from infection.
tonsils
bacterial or viral infection, irritation to the eye
conjunctivitis (pink eye)
african eye worm, parasitic worm that gets passed on through humans through repeated deer fly bites
loiasis
river blindness, parasitic tropical disease caused by repeated bites from infected black flies
onchocerciasis
bacterial disease (chlamydia), causes blindness and vision loss which is irreversible
trachoma
trauma to the eye, causes the eye to disinsert the iris from the scleral spur
Traumatic Iridodialysis
